In many of the specimens an abundant subretinal exudate is present. In the long-standing ones, with complete detachment of the retina, this effusion fills up the whole of the space between the retina and the choroid. When the latter membrane is also detached, a further exudate of similar appearance is seen between it and the sclera. Owing to the action of the formalin, the very firm coagulation of the long-standing effusions gives the eyes a solid and very characteristic appearance (Pl. III., Fig. 19); the half-globes look like sections of marbles made of fissured and clouded glass. In earlier cases the effused mass is much less firm, but is whiter and more opaque, with a tendency to present a flocculent appearance. The question that naturally presents itself is, whether these effusions were the cause or the result of the retinal detachment. The presence of the inflammatory exudate within the vitreous, with which we have already dealt, provides such a satisfactory explanation of the detachments of the retina throughout this series, that it seems unlikely that the effusions in question, whether subretinal or subchoroidal, play any causative part whatever. We must place in quite a different category the cases, four in number, in which the effused fluid consisted of blood. The source of the hæmorrhage in these cases is different from that which is met with when the pressure within an eye is suddenly reduced by the operative opening of the globe. In the latter case it is the large choroidal vessels which give way, and the hæmorrhage is subchoroidal, whereas in the four cases under review the bleeding was subretinal in one (No. 157), into the vitreous chamber alone in one (Pl. VII., Fig. 40), and into both the vitreous chamber and the subretinal space in two. The hæmorrhage into the vitreous chamber was probably due to injury to the retinal vessels by the coucher’s instrument, though it is possible that blood may have found its way through the retinal cut from choroidal vessels divided at the time. The subretinal probably escaped from the severed branches of the smaller choroidal vessels. The fact that in no case was a large subchoroidal hæmorrhage present would indicate that the large choroidal vessels were tough enough to escape injury, being probably pushed aside by the comparatively blunt instrument the coucher used. In one eyeball (No. 157) large cholesterine crystals were seen shining on the cut surface of the sanguineous mass. A similar phenomenon was observed in the case of one of the albuminous effusions above spoken of.