Turning to the continent, the writer must necessarily speak in very general terms since there is less published on this subject by continental journals than by English and, of course, the field is rather a wide one, embracing so many lands and tongues. The track circuit is, of course, known there fairly well, but there are no very great installations of automatic block to be found. In the case of France, the Paris, Lyons & Mediterranean had, before the war, an installation between Larsche and Auperre, 24 miles, and some semi-automatic sections in various places. The Midi Railway had also the Hall disc system from Bordeaux to Langon, 26 miles, and the writer believes extensions to this have since been made. The Est Railway began trials before the war and during the war, owing to shortage of staff and having greatness of traffic to the eastern military area, installed automatic signaling on the Paris-Nugent line. The writer has been told that it is under consideration to equip the whole line to Avricourt, where it connects with the Alsace-Lorraine system. The writer is not aware whether the other companies in France have any automatic blocks, but he believes not. They all have, however, track circuits installed at various places in connection with the ordinary signaling. Owing to the lower standard of living and the employment of women operators at many points, there is not so great an incentive to the adoption of automatic devices, as in some other countries. French engineers, however, know what Americans have done in this way and some very complete accounts of American systems have appeared in "La Revue generale des chemins de fer." The Paris Metropolitan line is automatically signaled by an intermittent contact system without track circuit.