The Ivory Workers of the Middle AgesCust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
History
The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages
Cust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
Ivories -- History; Ivories, Medieval
The richly embroidered dress and tiny feet and hands show Byzantine
influence, but the architecture, with the twin arch windows is
thoroughly Saxon. The mysterious man on the roof is a curious genre
addition, and the owl, most likely typifies the night. The hunting
scenes clearly show the two art waves, the lions are unintelligently
copied from the conventional Byzantine animal, but very considerable
first-hand information is shown in the drawing of the boars and bears,
with which the craftsman probably had some personal acquaintance.
_The Deposition_ referred to above is of the eleventh century, and has
a curious prototype in the Arundel Psalter (No. 60, British Museum),
with the same attenuated anatomy and finely plaited drapery. The design
is instinct with the spirit of these Anglo-Saxons and their Keltic
teachers, as is seen in the mournful expression of the faces, and the
utter deadness of Christ’s body as He falls forward from the cross,
hanging His threadlike arms. The whole feeling is of suffering and
sadness, very different from the cheerful scenes on the earlier, and
the calm, unmoved solemnity of the later Byzantine art. This research
for expression was a special feature of the more emotional Germanic
nations, and in spite of the almost comic peculiarities, there is a
sincere reverence and religious feeling, which is almost unknown in any
other school of ivory carving.
The series of chessmen made of walrus ivory that were found in the
Island of Lewis should be mentioned here; they have stumpy figures and
fine rugged countenances, and the thrones are carved with the elaborate
tracery so typical of this artistic movement. The game of chess was
early brought from the East, as was the game of draughts, and many
pieces are to be found in the various museums of Europe. In addition
to the chessmen, the British Museum possesses a fine set of draughts
deeply carved in Romanesque style, with men and animals.
In the Victoria and Albert Museum there is a specimen of a large
and elaborate set of chessmen, having tiers of attendants round the
principal figure. A charming story is told in one of the _Chansons de
Gestes_, and was repeatedly carved on mirror covers and other small
objects in the fourteenth century, showing the popularity of the game.
It tells how the crusader Huon de Bordeaux was taken prisoner by the
Saracen admiral and condemned to death; one chance was given him, that
he should play a game of chess with the admiral’s daughter, the most
expert player of her day, the stakes being his life or the lady’s
hand; but it seems the lady looked too much in his eyes and too little
at the game, and the result was one more convert to the Christian faith.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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