[12] “At the close of the Middle Ages slavery, under the power of moral forces, had mainly disappeared from Europe; but two momentous events occurred which overbore the moral power working in European society and let loose a swarm of curses upon the earth such as mankind had scarcely ever known. One of these events was the first voyaging to a populated and barbarous coast where human beings were a familiar article of traffic; and the other the discovery of a new world, where mines of glittering wealth were open, provided labour could be imported to work them. For four hundred years men and women and children were torn from all whom they knew and loved, and were sold on the coast of Africa to foreign traders; they were chained below decks—the dead often with the living—during the horrible ‘middle passage,’ and, according to Bancroft, an impartial historian, two hundred and fifty thousand out of three and a quarter millions were thrown into the sea on that fatal passage, while the remainder were consigned to nameless misery in the mines, or under the lash in the cane and rice fields. The guilt of this great crime rests on the Christian Church. ‘In the name of the most Holy Trinity’ the Spanish Government (Roman Catholic) concluded more than ten treaties authorising the sale of five hundred thousand human beings; in 1562 Sir John Hawkins sailed on his diabolical errand of buying slaves in Africa and selling them in the West Indies in a ship which bore the sacred name of Jesus; while Elizabeth, the Protestant Queen, rewarded him for his success in this first adventure of Englishmen in that inhuman traffic by allowing him to wear as his crest ‘a demi-Moor in his proper colour, bound with a cord, or, in other words, a manacled negro slave.’”—_Conquests of the Cross_ (quoted from the _Agnostic Journal_). [13] A “branch,” or lodge, composed solely of co-religionists, or a branch _in partibus_, as they are now somewhat bombastically called. IV. THE RELATIONS OF THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY TO THEOSOPHY. ON SELF-IMPROVEMENT. ENQ. Is moral elevation, then, the principal thing insisted upon in your Society? THEO. Undoubtedly! He who would be a true Theosophist must bring himself to live as one. ENQ. If so, then, as I remarked before, the behaviour of some members strangely belies this fundamental rule. THEO. Indeed it does. But this cannot be helped among us, any more than amongst those who call themselves Christians and act like fiends. This is no fault of our statutes and rules, but that of human nature. Even in some exoteric public branches, the members pledge themselves on their “Higher Self” to live _the_ life prescribed by Theosophy. They have to bring their _Divine Self_ to guide their every thought and action, every day and at every moment of their lives. A true Theosophist ought “to deal justly and walk humbly.” ENQ. What do you mean by this?