Agriculture -- Egypt; Egypt -- Description and travel
*Beans after Cotton*.--This crop may be sown at any time during the
month of November, the earlier the better. The beans may be either sown
broadcast or dropped into the furrow, behind the native plough. The
quantity of seed required is two and a half bushels. The land must be
very moist, or an irregular germination of the seed will be the result.
The crop receives the first watering thirty days after sowing, or
immediately before flowering, and again when the beans have formed in
the pod. Harvest will commence about the middle of April. Men, women,
and boys pull the crop by hand, breaking the stalks close to the ground,
sometimes uprooting them, but a small serrated hook is also used to cut
the stalks. Six hands will reap one acre per day, and the payment is in
kind, at the rate of one sheaf per thirty. The crop is then carted to
the threshing-floor, spread out to dry, and threshed by the Norag; or,
as modern implements are creeping into use, by a steam threshing machine
made by one of the famous English firms.
This crop does not receive any manure, but requires a rich, heavy soil,
when under favourable conditions a yield may be expected of from
twenty-five to thirty-five bushels per acre--price per five bushels, 1
pound. Occasionally this crop is damaged by hot blasts--"Khamsin
winds"--which shrivel the bean, especially if they occur when it is
soft. We have also the pest of broomrape; and if badly infested by this
weed, great destruction follows to the crop. Beans are the main feed of
working bullocks, milch cows, and donkeys.
Catch crops, on land after beans.
*Maize (summer)*.--Sown end of April, ready to be pulled after sixty
days. This crop is consumed by the natives, who roast the cobs. Cost
of raising one acre, 2 pounds 10 shillings, exclusive of rent. Gross
value of crop may be approximately 10 pounds.
*Water Melons*.--Sown at the same date, ripe after eighty days. Cost of
raising, 3 pounds 10 shillings. Probable value of the produce of an
acre, 12 pounds. After these crops have been harvested the land is
fallowed for three months. During the fallow it receives two or three
ploughings, and is flooded with water to prepare it for sowing the
cereal crops.
*Egyptian Clover (_Trifolium Alexandrinum_)*.--After Cotton.--This crop
may be termed the preserver of Egyptian agriculture, since, as
previously alluded to, it provides pasturage for horses, cattle, sheep,
camels, mules, and donkeys, for a period of seven months, and also
taking into account its beneficial effects on the soil, restoring
fertility by root residue containing nitrogen. Sown in the end of
October amongst the standing cotton trees, the seed falls upon the newly
irrigated soil and takes root, no covering being required. Sixty pounds
of seed is sufficient for an acre. The first crop should be ready for
pasturing at the beginning of January; second crop, seventy-five days;
third crop, forty days; fourth crop, thirty-five days' interval.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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