If a nation is to exist at all, certain basic principles and forms of
procedure must be generally accepted by all its citizens. As regards
these essential things we cannot afford to differ at all and yet try to
live side by side. In English-speaking countries, for instance, we must
needs all accept and support the constitutional bill of rights. Without
freedom of speech, of the press and religious worship, to mention
three of the more important guaranteed constitutional rights, any
English-speaking country would very quickly find itself in the throes
of revolution and civil war. We must agree, also, to be subject to the
same general principles of morality. If a citizen argues, for instance,
that the crimes of robbery and murder are sound and correct modes of
political procedure, he thereby rejects his citizenship. We must all
agree to live peaceably and lawfully under the same constitutional and
legal system. Finally, to attain national unity and national peace
we must not only accept, but unitedly support, with affection and
enthusiasm, the prevailing system of law and social order. That great
poet of democracy, Walt Whitman, expresses this thought so exquisitely:
"To hold men together by paper and seal, or by compulsion, is no
account;
That only holds men together which aggregates all in a living
principle, as the hold of the limbs of the body, or the fibres of
plants."
Our American people, if we are to be perfected in unity, must come to
be a sort of family.
Differences of personality among individuals, differences of opinions
among groups, differences which show themselves in a variety of
religious beliefs and political policies, all these are not only
natural but necessary to civilization and progress. Absolute unity in
thought and action can be attained only among a tribe of savages. The
political unity of an absolute monarchy is a leftover from savagery.
Above all, these valuable and desirable differences show in all the
interesting variations to be discovered in our cultural life. In the
education of children these differences of personality should be not
only tolerated but purposely developed. The growth of this quality
of personality is one of the most precious results of our democratic
civilization. Yet it can not be too much emphasized that all these
differences must work themselves out and perform all their desirable
functions within the restricted bounds of a generally accepted law and
custom. Otherwise nationality is impossible; and this is but another
way of saying that human society is impossible.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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