[B] Nothing seems to contribute so much to the problem of their use as the absence, in most cases, of any sign of friction around the holes. Similar stones have been recently seen in use by the Pah-Utes of Southern Nevada, "for giving uniform size to their bow-strings," yet the clean edges of the perforations make it impossible to believe that these stones could have been used for such a purpose, while the difficulty of supposing they could have been used as buttons, or that they could have been suspended at all is almost as great, unless we adopt the very ingenious theory of Dr. F. W. Putnam, _i. e._, that the raw deer thong used for suspending them, and forced tightly through the holes, becoming hard when dry, remained motionless in its place, and rendered friction impossible. [C] See an interesting little book, from which we here quote, entitled "Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man." By J. P. McLean. Cincinnati, 1880. [D] A term, says Filson (Imlays' Topographical Description of the Western Territory, 2d Ed., p. 276) formerly applied by the Indians "to the fertile region now called Kentucky." [E] A word meaning "hog" in modern Iroquois. [F] "Notes of a Military Reconnaissance from Fort Leavenworth to San Diego, Cal.," Col. W. H. Emory, Washington, 1848, p. 90. [G] See article on Indian picture-writing, appendix, p. 87 [H] Heckewelder states that he had himself seen "many of these fortifications,"--of course the works of the mound-builders. He mentions in particular two "entrenchments" along the Huron River, and several large flat mounds near them, in which were buried, as he learned from the Indians, hundreds of the Alligewi, slain in the bloody wars which the narrative proceeds to mention. [I] This view coincides with the opinion of the Indians who have seen the carving since the above was written. [J] The point projecting behind the handle in the figure reminds us forcibly of the shape of the modern iron tomahawk; yet that stone axes of this shape were anciently in use among the Indians was proved by the discovery of the "Thorndale Axe" with a similar projection, and found in the original wooden handle, now at the Museum of Natural History in New York. [K] The word Namaesi Sipu (Fish River) given by Heckewelder, but published _Messussipu_ (Great River) in Mr. Squier's version of the _Wallum Olum_, appears _Namasipi_ in the Rafinesque version of 1836, and in the original manuscript now in Dr. Brinton's possession it seems that the latter word has been written over the word _Messussipu_ by the author, who probably had been comparing the account with Heckewelder. [L] See article on "Indian Migrations" by Horatio Hale, _American Antiquarian_, Jan.-April, 1883. [M] On the other hand, how shall we account for the occurrence of the word _Messusipu_ in the Wallum Olum, or, more exactly, in the Rafinesque copy of it--the only version we possess?