society--only one means--revolutionary terrorism."--(_Neue Rheinische Zeitung_, November 6, 1848.) Or take, for example, this passage from the last article of the paper, when on May 18, 1849, it succumbed to the "craft and cunning of the dirty West Kalmucks" (i.e., the Prussians). "In taking leave of our readers we remind them of the words in our first January number: 'Revolutionary upheaval of the French working class, general war--that is the index for the year 1849. And already in the east a revolutionary army comprised of warriors of all nationalities stands confronting the old Europe represented by and in league with the Russian army, already from Paris looms the Red Republic.'" In reading these extracts one has only to substitute Russia for France and Moscow for Paris and we get at one of the sources of Lenin's and Trotsky's revolutionary policy. The articles written by Marx in 1848 and 1849 have supplied the Bolsheviks their tactics. The censorship, Press lawsuits, and the decline of the revolution severed the life threads of the paper after scarcely a year of its existence. Marx sacrificed everything he had in money and valuables--in all, 7,000 thalers--in order to satisfy creditors and to pay the contributors and printers. Then he travelled to Paris, where he witnessed not the triumph of the Red Republic but that of the counter-revolution. In July, 1849, he was banished by the French Government to the boggy country of Morbihan, in Brittany; he preferred, however, to go over to London, where he remained to the end of his life. IV. DAYS OF CLOUD AND SUNSHINE IN LONDON. Marx lived for more than a generation in London. Half of this time was spent in a wearying struggle for existence, which, however, did not prevent him from collecting and systematising a vast amount of material for his life-work, "Capital," nor from taking a decisive part in the Labour movement as soon as the opportunity presented itself, as it did on the founding of the International. The first decade was particularly trying. A letter written on May 20, 1851, by Marx's wife to Weydemeyer, in America, gives an affecting picture of their poverty during these first years of exile.--("Neue Zeit," 25th year, Vol. II., pp. 18-21.)