The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway LocomotiveSmiles, Samuel
History
The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway Locomotive
Though Watt repeatedly expressed his intention of constructing a
model locomotive after his specification, it does not appear that
he ever carried it out. He was too much engrossed with other work;
and, besides, he never entertained very sanguine views as to the
practicability of road locomotion by steam. He continued, however, to
discuss the subject with his partner Boulton, and from his letters we
gather that his mind continued undetermined as to the best plan to
be pursued. Only four days after the date of the above specification
(_i.e._, on the 28th of August, 1784) we find him communicating his
views on the subject to Boulton at great length, and explaining his
ideas as to how the proposed object might best be accomplished.
He first addressed himself to the point of whether 80 lbs. was a
sufficient power to move a post-chaise on a tolerably good and level
road at four miles an hour; secondly, whether 8 ft. of boiler surface
exposed to the fire would be sufficient to evaporate a cube foot of
water per hour without much waste of fuel; thirdly, whether it would
require steam of more than eleven and a half times atmospheric density
to cause the engine to exert a power equal to 6 lbs. on the inch. "I
think," he observed, "the cylinder must either be made larger or make
more than sixty strokes per minute. As to working gear, stopping and
backing, with steering the carriage, I think these things perfectly
manageable."
"My original ideas on the subject," he continued, "were prior to
my invention of these improved engines, or before the crank, or
any other of the rotative motions were thought of. My plan then
was to have two inverted cylinders, with toothed racks instead of
piston-rods, which were to be applied to two ratchet-wheels on the
axle-tree, and to act alternately; and I am partly of opinion that
this method might be applied with advantage yet, because it needs
no fly and has some other conveniences. From what I have said, and
from much more which a little reflection will suggest to you, you
will see that without several circumstances turn out more favorable
than has been stated, the machine will be clumsy and defective, and
that it will cost much time to bring it to any tolerable degree of
perfection, and that for me to interrupt the career of our business
would be imprudent; I even grudge the time I have taken to make
these comments on it. There is, however, another way in which much
mechanism might be saved if it be in itself practicable, which
is to apply to it one of the self-moving rotatives, which has no
regulators, but turns like a mill-wheel by the constant influx and
efflux of steam; but this would not abridge the size of the boiler,
and I am not sure that such engines are practicable."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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