The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth Edition — John Shaqi
The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth EditionMaude, Aylmer
General
The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth Edition
Maude, Aylmer
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910
After their University days were over, Tolstoy saw little of his
brother Demetrius; so it will be convenient here to sacrifice
chronological sequence and say what more there is to tell of the
latter's life and death. The material is again supplied by Tolstoy's
Reminiscences.
When we divided up the family property, according to custom the
estate where we lived, Yásnaya Polyána, was given to me. Seryózha,
as a lover of horses and according to his wish, received Pirogóvo,
where there was a stud. To Mítenka and Nikólenka were given the
two other estates: to Nikólenka, Nikolsky; to Mítenka, the Kursk
estate, Sher-batchóvka. I have kept a note of Mítenka's, showing
how he regarded the possession of serfs. The idea that it is
wrong, and that serfs ought to be liberated, was quite unknown in
our circle in the 'forties. The hereditary possession of serfs
seemed a necessary condition of life, and all that could be done
to prevent its being an evil, was to attend not only to their
material but also to their moral welfare. In this sense Mítenka
wrote very seriously naïvely and sincerely. Thinking he could not
do otherwise, he, a lad of twenty, when he left the University
took it upon himself to direct the morality of hundreds of peasant
families, and to do this (as Gógol recommended in his _Letters to a
Landowner_) by threats of punishments and by punishments.... But,
besides this duty to his serfs, there was another duty which at
that time it seemed impossible not to fulfil: namely, Military or
Civil service. And Mítenka decided to enter the Civil Service.
Tolstoy proceeds to tell how his brother, desiring to be useful to his
country, chose legislation as his speciality, and going to Petersburg
astonished the Head of the Department as well as certain aristocratic
acquaintances by asking where he could find a place in which he could
be _useful_. The friend to whom he went for advice, regarded the
service of the State merely as a means of satisfying ambition, and
'such a question had probably never occurred to him before.' Eventually
we find Demetrius returning home discouraged, and taking up some local
work. All this, to some extent, helps us to understand Leo Tolstoy's
sceptical attitude towards the institution of Government, and his
strong belief that men in Government service are solely actuated by
selfish motives.
Tolstoy continues:
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