The Literature of the Ancient EgyptiansBudge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir
History
The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians
Budge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir
Egyptian literature -- History and criticism; Egyptian literature -- Translations into English
before Osiris, and her writings are upon thy tongue. Rā vivifieth thy
soul, the Soul of Shu is in thy nostrils. Thou art even as Osiris, and
'Osiris Khenti Amenti' is thy name. Thy body liveth in Tatu (Busiris),
and thy soul liveth in heaven.... Thy odour is that of the holy gods in
Amentet, and thy name is magnified like the names of the Spirits of
heaven. Thy soul liveth through the 'Book of Breathings,' and it is
rejoined to thy body by the 'Book of Breathings.' These fine extracts
are followed in the British Museum papyrus by the praises of Kersher by
the gods, a prayer of Kersher himself for offerings, and an extract from
the so-called Negative Confession, which has been already described. The
work is closed by an address to the gods, in which it is said that
Kersher is sinless, that he feeds and lives upon Truth, that his deeds
have satisfied the hearts of the gods, and that he has fed the hungry
and given water to the thirsty and clothes to the naked.[2]
[Footnote 1: The deceased is always supposed to be identified with
Osiris.]
[Footnote 2: A papyrus at Florence contains a copy of Part II. of The
Book of Breathings. The fundamental ideas are the same as those in Part
I., but the forms in which they are expressed are different. The
deceased is made to address several gods by name, and to declare that he
himself is those gods. "I am Rā, I am Atem, I am Osiris, I am Horus, I
am Thoth," &c.]
Another late work of considerable interest is the "Book of Traversing
Eternity," the fullest known form of which is found on a papyrus at
Vienna. This work describes how the soul of the deceased, when armed
with the power which the Book of Traversing Eternity will give it, shall
be able to travel from one end of Egypt to the other, and to visit all
the holy places, and to assist at the festivals, and to enjoy communion
not only with the gods and spirits who assemble there, but also with its
kinsfolk and acquaintances whom it left behind alive on the earth. The
object of the book was to secure for the deceased the resurrection of
his body; it opens with the following words: "Thy soul liveth in heaven
in the presence of Rā. Thy Ka hath acquired the divine nature of the
gods. Thy body remaineth in the deep house (_i.e._ tomb) in the presence
of Osiris. Thy spirit-body becometh glorious among the living. Thy
descendants flourish upon the earth, in the presence of Keb, upon thy
seat among the living, and thy name is stablished by the utterance of
those who have their being through the 'Book of Traversing Eternity.'
Thou comest forth by day, thou art joined to the Sun-god Aten." The text
goes on to state that the deceased breathes, speaks, eats, drinks, sees,
hears, and walks, and that all the organs of his body are in their
proper places, and that each is performing its proper functions. He
floats in the air, hovers in the shadow, rises in the sky, follows the
gods, travels with the stars, dekans, and planets, and moves about by
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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