Place in an open pot with one opening, seeds of _C. paniculata_, cloves, benzoin, nutmeg and mace. The pot having been previously heated, is covered with another, inverted over the opening. On the sides of the latter a thick black oil condenses which Herklots very appropriately named _Oleum nigrum_. Botanical Description.--A climbing shrub, 6-9° high, without spines. Leaves 6-7' long by 5' broad, alternate, petiolate, entire, glabrous, half-ovate. Flowers small and paniculate. Calyx, 5 divisions. Corolla, 5 petals. Stamens 5, inserted in a disc. Anthers oblong. Ovary 3-celled. Stigma 3-lobulate. Style short. Seed vessel the size of a pea, globose, 3-celled, loculicidal, with pulpy seeds. Habitat.--Tayabas, Laguna, Ilocos North, San Mateo, Albay. Flowers in April. RHAMNACEÆ. Buckthorn Family. _Zizyphus Jujuba, Lam._ (_Rhamnus Jujuba_, L. & Blanco; _Z. Mauritania_, Wall.) Nom. Vulg.--_Manzanitas_, Sp.-Fil.; _Jujube Fruit_, Eng. Uses.--The small fruit known commonly as _manzanitas_ has an agreeable taste, although ordinarily offered for sale before they are quite ripe. They are among the most popular dainties at the fairs and festivals in the provinces of Manila and are the only part of the plant used in medicine. They possess emollient qualities and are official in the codex. They enter in the composition of the so-called pectoral remedies (composed of equal parts of figs, dates, Corinthian raisins and manzanitas). Botanical Description.--A shrub, with hooked thorns, leaves alternate, petiolate, coriaceous, entire, 3-nerved, 2 thorny stipules, one of them crooked. Flowers small, greenish, axillary. Calyx, 5 oval divisions. Corolla, 5 petals. Stamens 5, free. Ovary bilocular, situated on the disc. Styles 2-3, divergent; small papillary stigmas. Drupe pulpy, globose, resembling a crab-apple in size and taste, enclosing a hard, 2-celled seed. Habitat.--Common in all parts of the islands. _Rhamnus Wightii_, W. & Arn. (_Ceanothus Wightiana_, Wall.; _R. Carolianus_, Blanco.) Nom. Vulg.--_Kabatiti_, Tag. Uses.--The dried trunk bark is the part employed in medicine. Hooper analyzed it in 1888 and found a crystalline principle (0.47%), a brown resin (0.85), a red resin (1.15), a bitter principle (1.23), sugar, starch, calcium, oxalate, etc. As the active principles exist in the resins, an alcoholic tincture of the latter is the best preparation for administration. In India it is used as a tonic and an astringent.