The Mercantile MarineChatterton, E. Keble (Edward Keble)
History
The Mercantile Marine
Chatterton, E. Keble (Edward Keble)
Merchant marine -- Great Britain -- History; Merchant marine -- History
After scudding before the storm, the weather at last eased up. Then
the ship set her foresail and mainsail and hove-to, and finally set
the mizzen, main-topsail and fore-topsail, and with the wind S.W. ran
a course E.N.E. Then they “got the starboard tacks aboard” and headed
S.S.E. “We cast off our weather braces and lifts. We set in the lee
braces and hauled forward by the weather bowlines and hauled them tight
and belayed them, and hauled over the mizzen tack to windward and kept
her full-and-by as near as she could lie.” That is to say, the ship was
now trimmed to sail on a wind, the bowlines, which were connected by
bridles to the leech of the sail, being used to keep the weather edge
well hauled out tight, to make the canvas set properly. The mizzen, of
course, was still a triangular, fore and aft sail. Finally on June 3,
1703, a boy on the topmast sighted land.
It is a little difficult in this highly specialised twentieth century
to appreciate the slight difference which existed between a merchant
ship and a man-of-war. Between the men of the Merchant Service and
those of the Navy there was thus little to choose. From the Elizabethan
days most merchant ships of any size had to be armed for their own
defence. Moreover the merchantman was as much privateer or pirate as
he was freighter. He had to be a fighting man, whatever else he might
be. Thus there was always at hand a reserve of crews which could be
“imprest” into the Navy. During the first quarter of the seventeenth
century the merchants were paying their crews thirty shillings a month,
whilst the men in the Royal ships were receiving less than half this
amount. The result was that for a time the merchant ships attracted the
best seamen.
It was from the Merchant Service that some of the most distinguished
officers of the Royal Navy graduated. Admiral Benbow, for instance, had
been an apprentice in the Merchant Service, and was eventually given
command of a naval ship such as was usually given to a lieutenant. He
was promoted later to captain and to flag rank. This caused jealousy
and bad feeling, and the reader will remember that this Admiral, when
attacking the enemy in 1702 in the West Indies, was basely deserted
by some of his captains, but he carried on a running fight almost
single-handed for five days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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