Pl. 28. 1. MARBLED BROWN MOTH. 2. LUNAR MARBLED BROWN. 3. DUSKY MARBLED BROWN. 4. SWALLOW PROMINENT, _female_; 5 _male_. 6. LESSER SWALLOW PROMINENT. [Illustration] Pl. 29. 1, 1a. LUNAR MARBLED BROWN: _caterpillar and chrysalis_. 2, 2a, 2b. SWALLOW PROMINENT: _egg, caterpillar and chrysalis_. 3, 3a, 3b. LESSER SWALLOW PROMINENT: _egg, caterpillar and chrysalis_. {69} The moth emerges in May, sometimes at the end of April, generally in the afternoon; it sits on the tree trunk to expand and dry its wings, and then ascends higher up the tree. It is found in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and in most of the southern counties of England, and in the west, but it seems to be rarer eastward and northward, and also in Scotland. In Ireland it has been found, very sparingly, in Wicklow and Kerry, and "numbers were taken in a moth trap at Clonbrook." The range abroad is very similar to that of the next species. THE SWALLOW PROMINENT (_Pheosia tremula_). Normally whitish, with a brown shaded black stripe along the inner margin of the fore wings, and a brownish cloud, with black streaks in it, towards the tips of these wings; the outer extremities of the veins are white, there is a white wedge-shaped streak between veins 1 and 2, and from the apex of this an indented white line runs to the base of the wing. Sometimes the whole discal area is suffused with brownish. The moth is shown on Plate 28, Figs. 4, 5, and the early stages on Plate 29, Figs. 2, 2a, and 2b. The egg when laid is creamy white, and the newly hatched caterpillar is pale green. When full grown the caterpillar is green with rather darker, but not always clearly defined, lines along the back, and a yellow line along the region of the black spiracles; the underside is sometimes reddish. Another form is brownish in colour and the yellow line is then generally obscure. The green form is figured on Plate 29. The usual food is poplar, but sallow is also eaten. It may be found in late June and early July and again in September and October. The chrysalis is reddish brown and glossy except on the wing covers, which are granulated and appear darker. The cocoon is roughly constructed of silk and earth, and before spinning it the autumnal caterpillar sometimes burrows a good depth under the surface of the soil; the summer cocoons are said to be made up among leaves. The moth is on the wing in May and August. {70} The species is perhaps most common in the southern and eastern counties of England, but seems to be pretty generally distributed throughout the country, and extends into Scotland as far as Moray. In Ireland it has a wide range but is only common near Londonderry. Abroad it is found in Central and Northern Europe, and as far east as Amurland and Ussuri. In America it is represented by _P. dimidiata_, H.-S., which does not seem to be really specifically distinct. THE LESSER SWALLOW PROMINENT (_Pheosia dictæoides_).