[88-1] Sahagun, _Hist. de la Nueva España_, lib. iii. cap. iii. [88-2] _Le Livre Sacré des Quichés_, Introd., p. clviii. [89-1] Memorial de Tecpan Atitlan, in Brasseur, _Hist. du Mexique_, i. p. 167. The derivation of Tulan, or Tula, is extremely uncertain. The Abbé Brasseur sees in it the _ultima Thule_ of the ancient geographers, which suits his idea of early American history. Hernando De Soto found a village of this name on the Mississippi, or near it. But on looking into Gallatin's vocabularies, _tulla_ turns out to be the Choctaw word for _stone_, and as De Soto was then in the Choctaw country, the coincidence is explained at once. Buschmann, who spells it _Tollan_, takes it from _tolin_, a rush, and translates, _juncetum_, _Ort der Binsen. Ueber die Aztekischen Orstnamen_,[TN-2] p. 682. Those who have attempted to make history from these mythological fables have been much puzzled about the location of this mystic land. Humboldt has placed it on the northwest coast, Cabrera at Palenque, Clavigero north of Anahuac, etc. etc. Aztlan, literally, the White Land, is another name of wholly mythical purport, which it would be equally vain to seek on the terrestrial globe. In the extract in the text, the word translated God is _Qabavil_, an old word for the highest god, either from a root meaning to open, to disclose, or from one of similar form signifying to wonder, to marvel; literally, therefore, the Revealer, or the Wondrous One (_Vocab. de la Lengua Quiché_, p. 209: Paris, 1862). [90-1] Ximenes, _Or. de los Indios_, p. 80, _Le Livre Sacré_, p. 195. [90-2] Garcia, _Origen de los Indios_, lib. iv. cap. 4. [91-1] Compare the German expression _sich orientiren_, to right oneself by the east, to understand one's surroundings. [92-1] Hawkins, _Sketch of the Creek Country_, p. 80. [92-2] See Jacob Grimm, _Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache_, p. 681 [92-3] De Smet, Oregon Missions, p. 352. [93-1] Bressani, _Relation Abrégé_, p. 93. [93-2] Venegas, _Hist. of California_, i. p. 91: London, 1759. [93-3] Cogolludo, _Hist. de Yucathan_, lib. iv. cap. iii. [93-4] Alexander von Humboldt has asserted that the Quichuas had other and very circumstantial terms to express the cardinal points drawn from the positions of the son (_Ansichten der Natur_, ii. p. 368). But the distinguished naturalist overlooked the literal meaning of the phrases he quotes for north and south, _intip chaututa chayananpata_ and _intip chaupunchau chayananpata_, literally, the sun arriving toward the midnight, the sun arriving toward the midday. These are evidently translations of the Spanish _hacia la media noche_, _hacia el medio dia_, for they could not have originated among a people under or south of the equatorial line. [94-1] Catlin, _Letters and Notes_, i., Letter 22; La Hontan, _Mémoires_, ii. p. 151; Gumilla, _Hist. del Orinoco_, p. 159