The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889Various
History
The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889
Various
Geography -- Periodicals
Hildebrandsson has charted the differences of monthly means of air
pressure for January, 1874 to 1884. In January, 1874, the values at
nearly all the stations in the Northern Hemisphere, were plus, and
those in the Southern, minus. It is to be hoped that such general
discussions of this important meteorological element may be continued.
General A. Von Tillo has determined, by means of the planimeter, the
distribution of temperature and pressure from Teisserenc de Bort's
charts. The mean pressure over the Northern Hemisphere for January, he
finds to be 29.99 inches (761.7 millimeters), and the temperature 46°.9
(8°.3 C.); in July, 29.806 (758.5 mm.) and 72°.7 (22°.6 C.). In Russia
he finds an increase of one millimeter of pressure to correspond with a
decrease of 1°.6 C. in temperature.
Doberck, after investigation of September typhoons at Hong Kong,
attributes their appearance to the relatively low pressure then
existing between Formosa and Lyon.
The valuable and elaborate investigation of American Storms, by
Professor Elias Loomis has been completed. Loomis has thoroughly
discussed barometric maxima and minima areas as presented by the maps
of the Signal Service, from which it appears that these areas are in
general elliptical, with the longest axis nearly twice that of the
shortest in the high areas, while the difference is less in low areas.
He has also investigated the winds relative to baric gradients, thus
affording valuable data for proving various meteorological theories.
Loomis' researches regarding the movement of maximum areas verify those
which have been set forth from time to time in Signal Service
publications; wherefrom it appears that high areas have a more
southerly movement than low areas.
Van Bezold has put forth a memoir on thermodynamics, while Helmholtz,
Oberbeck, and Diro-Kitso have contributed valuable memoirs on motions
caused by gravitation and the varying density of the air. These furnish
meteorologists with important results as to the laws of fluid or
gaseous motions. It is gratifying to Americans to note that the
valuable results obtained by Ferrel in his many memoirs are confirmed
by these later investigations.
Undoubtedly the most important meteorological event within the past
year was the discontinuance, on January 1, 1888, of the system of
International Simultaneous Meteorological reports inaugurated in
accordance with the agreement of the conference at Vienna in September,
1873. As the charts of storm tracks, based on these observations, have
been published by the United States Signal Service one year behind the
date of the observations, the completion of this work in printed form
for the general public should occur about December 31, 1888.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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