The natives of British Central AfricaWerner, Alice
History
The natives of British Central Africa
Werner, Alice
Ethnology -- Malawi; Malawi -- Description and travel; Malawi -- Social conditions
I have never heard of this oracle of the sticks in the Blantyre or Upper
Shiré district. Of course, it by no means follows that it is not used;
but from various indications I fancy that the witch-detective, the
_Mabisalila_, whose operations have already been described, has been more
popular since the time of the Yao settlement. The ‘sticks’ are still in
vogue on the Lake. The Rev. H. B. Barnes, of the Universities’ Mission,
was told of a man at Ngofi who possessed this charm, and ‘had bought it
with much money at the coast.... It was described to me as consisting
of two short pieces of wood, with a large feather behind the second.
The master of the charm sets it on the ground near the place whence
the disappearance has taken place, and keeps his hand on the feather,
following it as it moves off on the track. It is also used when war is
threatening, in order to ascertain the safest direction in which to
flee.’[16]
There are various methods of divination besides those already referred
to. The sorcerer puts bits of stick and pebbles into a gourd, shakes them
up, and throws them out, deducing his answer to the questions put from
their position as they lie on the ground. I am sorry to say I never saw
this done, and cannot discover from any of the native accounts before me
whether there is a system of interpretation which allows one to get an
answer out of almost any possible combination of the ‘pieces’—as among
the Delagoa Bay people; but it is probable that the diviner follows
some such rules. Neither the ‘divining tablets’ of the Mashona, nor the
knuckle-bones of sheep and goats seem to be used—their place is taken
by small pieces of wood (_mpinjiri_), sometimes neatly cut into shape,
and the claws of the tortoise, which are divided into four pieces—the
front or tip of the claw being halved to make a ‘male’ and a ‘female’
piece (which are marked on the under side), and in like manner the back.
One way of consulting this oracle is to spread all the pieces on a dry
skin and then knock it from underneath, and catch in the hand the piece
(if any) which jumps off; if the same piece comes twice running, it is
a conclusive proof that the person whom the diviner thought of, when he
made the inquiry, is the correct one. Another way is to put the lots into
a jar, cover it up, and leave it for a time; if they still keep their
relative positions when next looked at, the omens for the journey or
other undertaking inquired about are favourable. Mr. Macdonald found that
the Yao professional diviners were usually very intelligent men, who gave
sensible advice according to their own lights, and invested it with a
certain impressiveness by means of the ‘lot,’ thinking people would care
nothing about it, or perhaps take offence, unless they could attribute it
to a supernatural source.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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