CHAP. 43.—METHODS OF EXTRACTING FOREIGN BODIES FROM THE FLESH. To extract pointed weapons which have pierced the flesh, ashes of calcined shells of the sæpia are used, as also of the purple, the meat of salted fish, bruised river-crabs, or flesh of the silurus[356] (a river-fish that is found in other streams as well as the Nilus[357]), applied either fresh or salted. The ashes also of this fish, as well as the fat, have the property of extracting pointed bodies, and the back-bone, in a calcined state, is used as a substitute for spodium.[358] CHAP. 44.—REMEDIES FOR ULCERS, CARCINOMATA, AND CARBUNCLES. Ulcers of a serpiginous nature, as also the fleshy excrescences which make their appearance in them, are kept in check by applying ashes of calcined heads of mænæ,[359] or else ashes of the silurus.[360] Carcinomata, too, are treated with heads of salted perch, their efficacy being considerably increased by using some salt along with the ashes, and kneading them up with heads of cunila[361] and olive-oil. Ashes of sea-crabs, calcined with lead, arrest the progress of carcinomatous sores; a purpose for which ashes of river-crabs, in combination with honey and fine lint, are equally useful: though there are some authorities which prefer mixing alum and barley with the ashes. Phagedænic ulcers are cured by an application of dried silurus pounded with sandarach;[362] malignant cancers, corrosive ulcers, and putrid sores, by the agency of stale cybium.[363] Maggots that breed in sores are removed by applying frogs’ gall; and fistulas are opened and dried by introducing a tent made of salt fish, with a dossil of lint. Salt fish, kneaded up and applied in the form of a plaster, will remove all proud flesh in the course of a day, and will arrest the further progress of putrid and serpiginous ulcers. Alex,[364] applied in lint, acts detergently, also, upon ulcers; the same, too, with the ashes of calcined shells of sea-urchins. Salted slices of the coracinus[365] disperse carbuncles, an effect equally produced by the ashes of salted surmullets.[366] Some persons, however, use the head only of the surmullet, in combination with honey or with the flesh of the coracinus. Ashes of the murex, applied with oil, disperse tumours, and the gall of the sea-scorpion makes scars disappear. CHAP. 45.—REMEDIES FOR WARTS, AND FOR MALFORMED NAILS. THE GLANIS: ONE REMEDY. To remove warts, the liver of the glanis[367] is applied to the part; ashes also of heads of mæmæ[368] bruised with garlic—substances which should be used raw where it is thyme-warts[369] that require to be removed—the gall of the red sea-scorpion,[370] smarides[371] pounded and applied, or alex[372] thoroughly boiled. Ashes of calcined heads of mænæ[373] are used to rectify malformed nails. CHAP. 46.—REMEDIES FOR FEMALE DISEASES. THE GLAUCISCUS: ONE REMEDY.