The New England Magazine Volume 1, No. 6, June, 1886, Bay State Monthly Volume 4, No. 6, June, 1886Various
History
The New England Magazine Volume 1, No. 6, June, 1886, Bay State Monthly Volume 4, No. 6, June, 1886
Various
New England -- Periodicals
It will be observed that
the reverse does not in these instances bear the symbols as before, upon
an open field, but the field is now enclosed by a wreath. The import of
this seems to have been about the same as that of the drawn sword and
the sheathed sword in modern heraldic designs. Still other examples will
show not only the harmony between obverse and reverse, but how coins
were dedicated to more than one divinity. This practice was at first
more common in the colonies than in the metropolitan cities. A coin of
Crotona of about 479 B.C. has, obverse, eagle perched on the cornice of
a temple; reverse, tripod and olive-spray. It would seem likely that
this piece was first dedicated to Zeus, and next to Apollo. Zeus often
holds the eagle on his hand as falcons were held in the days of hawking,
and he is then called the eagle-holder (_exetophoros_). When so
represented, the god is commonly seated as at peace; but there is one
coin of Messene which shows him holding the bird while he is standing
and thundering. Later coins show combinations which are particularly
interesting in connection with the symbolism of our own coins. One of
the best of these is a Macedonian coin of the time of Perseus--obverse,
head of Perseus; reverse, an eagle on a thunderbolt, within a wreath of
oak. In connection with this example should be examined a Roman gold
coin of about 269 B.C.--obverse, head of Mars; reverse, an eagle holding
in its talons a thunderbolt. This type of reverse has been pretty
closely copied by designers for our mint.
The coins of Athens may have furnished the original for the olive-wreath
so common on American coins. They were issued under the auspices of
Athene, and bore upon the obverse the head of the goddess. The reverse
regularly bore the owl and the olive-bough. These coins were familiarly
called owls, just as we speak of eagles in our currency, and just as the
English talked of angels and crosses in the time of Elizabeth.
Aristophanes jocosely calls the Athenian pieces owls of Laurium, in
allusion to the gold mines there, in which they were hatched.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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