A parliamentary system--the proof is at hand--is powerless to bring about the triumph of social democracy. The revolution throughout the world, if it is to win quickly--and it must win quickly, for the proletariat can no longer wait--cannot achieve its aims except by other methods. As in Russia in 1905 and in 1917, so in Germany the necessary change can be only the product of Workers Councils. It is only within the Councils that the union of the proletariat is possible. Only the Councils assure the co-operation of manual and of intellectual workers, which Russia had not been able as yet to realize but which should be and can be accomplished. The system of Councils in its final aspect realizes the most perfect form of democracy, for it gives political and economic equality to all its citizens. While waiting its ultimate triumph, however, it may be necessary to proclaim the dictatorship of the proletariat; but this dictatorship will not be any heavier than that which is borne by the proletariat itself. It will last if necessary till the complete fusion of social classes does away with the class struggle, till the advent of integral socialism. Therefore, all power to the Councils! No division of influence, no juxtaposition of political assemblies and economic councils! The Councils are an indispensable instrument to substitute permanently a socialist for a capitalist régime. That is to say, they should fulfil two series of functions: political and economic. Politically the Councils system unites in the same organism both parliament and administration, thus rendering possible that constant control of administration which the parliamentary régime is incapable of exercising, and maintaining a permanent supervision of the elected by the electors. Economically the Councils watch over the execution of socialization measures; later they become the regulators of production and consumption. To this duality of functions there corresponds a double organization. The political system rests on Workers Councils properly so called (Arbeiterräte); the economic system rests on Factory Workers Councils (Betriebsräte).