The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular governmentFollett, Mary Parker
Science
The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular government
Follett, Mary Parker
Democracy; Political participation; Social psychology; State, The
This interrelating holds good of society when we view it externally.
Society too can be understood only by the study of its flux of
relations, of all the intricate reciprocities which go to make the
unifying. Reciprocal ordering—subordinating, superordinating,
coördinating—purposeful self-unifyings, best describe the social
process. Led by James, who has shown us the individual as a
self-unifying centre, we now find the same kind of activity going on in
society, in the social mind. And this interrelating, this unity as
unity, is what gives to society its authority and power.
Thus the term organism is valuable as a metaphor, but it has not strict
psychological accuracy.
There is this world-wide difference between the self-interrelatings of
society and of the bodily organism: the social bond is a psychic
relation and we cannot express it in biological terms or in any terms of
physical force. If we could, if “functional combination” could mean a
psychological relation as well as a physiological, then the terms
“functional” and “organic” might be accepted. But they denote a
different universe from that of thought. For psychical self-unitings
knit infinitely more closely and in a wholly different way. They are
freed from the limitations of time and space. Minds can blend, yet in
the blending preserve each its own identity. They transfuse one another
while being each its own essential and unique self.
It follows that while the cell of the organism has only one function,
the individual may have manifold and multiform functions: he enters with
one function into a certain group of people this morning and with
another function into another group this afternoon, because his free
soul can freely knit itself with a new group at any moment.[25]
This self-detaching, self-attaching freedom of the individual saves us
from the danger to democracy which lurks in the organic theory. No man
is forced to serve as the running foot or the lifting hand. Each at any
moment can place himself where his nature calls. Certain continental
sociologists are wholly unjustified in building their hierarchy where
one man or group of men is the sensorium, others the hewers and
carriers, etc. It is exactly this despotic and hopeless system of caste
from which the true democracy frees man. He follows the call of his
spirit and relates himself where he belongs to-day, and through this
relating gains the increment of power which knits him anew where he now
belongs and so continually as the wind of spirit blows.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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