_Bersheh_ is a modern village with the remnants of some tombs. In one of them is the picture showing the mode of transporting a colossus (cf. page 15). _Beni-Hassan_ is noteworthy for its beautiful sepulchral grottoes of the XIIth dynasty. _The Fayoom_ is a large tract of fertile land {90}extending into the Libyan desert. It was called [glyphs] TA SHETI, "_the land of the sea_", and the present name is derived from the Coptic word [Coptic: phiom] [phiyom], "_a sea_". In it was the world-famous Lake Moeris, which the Egyptians named [glyphs] MER ÛR, "_the great sea_" (whence the name "Moeris"). This was really a large reservoir constructed by Amenemhât III. Besides this we find here the ruins of the so-called Labyrinth, the palace of the same king, not far from the pyramid of El-Lahoon. The Greeks called the place Crocodilopolis from the crocodile-headed god Sebek, who was its local deity. _Meydoom_ is situated on the site of the ancient [glyphs] MER-TUM·T, "_the favorite city of the god Tum_", and is famous for its quaintly terraced pyramid. LOWER EGYPT, called by the Egyptians [glyphs] TA MEHηT, "_the land of the flax plant_" or only simply [glyphs] MEH·T, "_the north_", comprises the so-called Delta from the city of Cairo to the Mediterranean Sea. The Delta, intersected by the seven arms of the river Nile, was called [glyphs] PA TA MERA·T, "_the land of the inundation_", and was so named from its resemblance to the Greek letter Delta, [Greek: D], our D. It was composed of 20 nomes or provinces. The following are the principal cities of Lower Egypt: _Memphis_, in Egyptian [glyphs] MEN-NEFER·T, "_the good place of rest_", which became in Coptic [Coptic: memphi] [Memphi], has left us hardly any vestige of its former greatness. It was the capital of Lower Egypt and the main seat of the worship of the god Ptah. Nothing remains to mark the site of the famous Memphis of old {91}except the colossus of Ramses II. at the village of Mîtrahîneh and the mighty pyramids. The latter consist of the following groups: 1) the three great Pyramids, namely, the Great Pyramid, "the Splendid", of king Kheops; the Second Pyramid, "the Great", of king Khefren; the Third Pyramid, "the Superior", of king Mycerinus: all these being at Gizeh: 2) the Pyramids of Abûsîr, four in number; 3) the Pyramids of Saccarah, the largest of which is called the Pyramid of the Steps on account of its strange form; 4) the Pyramids of Lisht and Dashûr. These pyramids served as mausolea or tombs of the kings who erected them. The stones of ancient Memphis were converted into building-stones for modern Cairo. _Tura_, the present site of the quarries of Memphis from which the stone for the pyramids was taken. It received the name of Troja [Troy] from the Greeks.