AMENÔPHIS IV. A king of the XVIIIth dynasty, the son and successor of Amenophis III. The worship of the Sun under the form of ATEN or ATEN-RÂ was forcibly introduced by him. His temple at Tel-el-Amarna was torn down by his successors, who considered him a heretic. His name in Egyptian is ^{29 30} suten-kaut? Râ-nefer-kheperu-uâ-en-Râ sa Râ Amen-hotep-nuter-heq-Us The king of "The Sun, beautiful in the Sun's "The peace of Amen, Upper and transformations, the one offspring, the god, the prince Lower Egypt, Sun", of Thebes." This he changed, after introducing the Aten-worship, to suten-kaut? Râ-nefer-kheperu-uâ-en-Râ sa Râ {97} Khu-en-Aten The king of Upper "The Sun, beautiful in the Sun's "The glory and lower Egypt, transformations, the offspring, of Aten". one sun", AMEN-RÂ. In Egyptian [glyphs] AMEN-RÂ, "_the hidden Sun_". The supreme deity of the Egyptians and really identical with the sun-god Râ. Before the time of the XVIIIth dynasty he was worshiped as AMEN simply, and especially at Thebes. Some of the grandest hymns in the Egyptian literature are addressed to this god. In painted inscriptions his body is generally colored light-blue. Cf. above under Amen. ^{29 37 88} AMENTI. In Egyptian [glyphs] AMENTI, "_the concealed land_", and undoubtedly related to [glyphs] AMENTI, "_the West_", as the Egyptians thought that the Lower World lay toward the west where the sun set. It is the region below the earth or Hades, where the departed spirits assembled, and was said to be the dominion of the god Osiris. It was divided into "the field of the blessed", called [glyphs] AANURU or AAHLU (the Greek Elysium), "the place of rest", called [glyphs] KHER-NUTER, and "the place of the condemned", called [glyphs] RUSETI. In "the hall of the two Truths" the deceased was brought before Osiris, his heart weighed, and judgment pronounced on him. Besides the various gods, such as Osiris, Horus, Thoth, and Anubis, we also find here the four genii of Hades, [glyphs] AMSETH (with the head of a man), [glyphs] HEPI (with the head of a monkey), [glyphs] DÛAMUTF (with the head of a jackal), [glyphs] QEBEHSENEF (with the head of a hawk). To these were attached "the forty-two assessors", generally represented with the heads of various animals, who typified the negation of the forty-two {98}sins [cf. Negative Confession] of the Egyptian moral code. The book which treats in full of everything pertaining to the Egyptian Hades is the so-called Book of the Dead or the Ritual, which has been found in innumerable copies in the tombs and with the mummies. ^{28 30}