ASSUÂN OBELISK. The monster-obelisk still in the quarry of Syene and not yet detached from its native rock. It would have been the largest obelisk in existence. Three of its sides are finished, but have no inscriptions. ^{11} ATEN or ATEN-RÂ. In Egyptian [glyphs] ATEN, "the sun's disk". This deity was represented as the sun stretching out many hands which carried the symbol of life, [glyphs] ÂNKH. At one time, under Amenhotep IV. and his queen Thiî, it became for a short time the supreme deity of Egypt, but after that was worshiped as only a form of Râ, and sank back to a secondary place. ^{62 63 89} ATMEIDAN OBELISK. It was erected by Thothmes III., perhaps in Heliopolis. A single column of hieroglyphs extends down each face, and the lower end is broken off. Constantine the Great [A. D. 306-337] seems to have had it removed to Alexandria, where it remained until its transportation to Constantinople in the reign of {102}Theodosius the Great [A. D. 379-395]. It is now in the Atmeidan or Hippodrome in Constantinople. ^{9} ATUM. In Egyptian [glyphs] ATUM (the last sign being here only a determinative). Another form of Tum. ^{29 51} AUGUSTUS CAESAR. The first Roman emperor whose full name was Caius Julius Cæsar Octavianus. He reigned from B. C. 30 to A. D. 14, and, besides his many grand achievements, ordered the two obelisks in Heliopolis (at present in London and New York) to be erected in Alexandria. His name in Egyptian is ^{8 25 32 39 72 73 74 82} nuter neb taui Auteqreder sa Râ neb khâu The god, the lord of "Autocrator," the Sun's the lord of the two countries, offspring, diadems, Qîsers-ânkh-zeta-Ptah-As·t-mer "Cæsar, living forever, beloved of Ptah and Isis". AUTOCRATOR. The Greek [Greek: Autokratôr] "absolute ruler". This was a title of the Roman emperors and is our "autocrat". The Egyptians placed the word in either of the two cartouches of the emperors, and wrote it in many different ways; for instance, [glyphs] (Augustus, Tiberius, and Claudius), [glyphs] (Caligula), [glyphs] (Nero), [glyphs] (Trajan), [glyphs] (Caracalla), &c. ^{39} AVARIS. A city on the Bubastic branch of the Nile in the Delta, near the ancient Pelusium. Its Egyptian name was [glyphs] HA·T-ÛAR·T. It was the last fortified stronghold of the Hyksos which was besieged and taken by Aahmes I., a king of the XVIIth dynasty. ^{92} BANNER-SHIELD. The oblong that contains the one established royal title and which, in all inscriptions of importance, must precede the cartouches, [glyphs]. It occurs twelve times on our obelisk. ^{56 57 58 59 60 62 63 65 66 67 68 70} {103}BARBARUS. A prefect or governor of Egypt. According to Prof. Merriam his full name is Publius Rubrius Barbarus. History is silent about him. ^{39 73 74 82}