St. Lawrence, the, a supposed route to China, 26 San Blas route, 36 Sanitation, Department of, 118, 125, 128, 133, 139 Sea-power, importance of, in Isthmian affairs, 39 Societies, benevolent, in the Canal Zone, 144 Spaniards as navvies and as peasantry in tropics, 108-110, 149 Spanish War, voyage of _Oregon_ during, 34 Steam shovel, rate of loading by, 91 Steamships available for Canal transit, 165-169 " relative cost of operating American and European, 169 _Stegomyia_ mosquito, mode of infection by, 124 Stephens, John F., chief engineer 1905-1907, 113-114 T Tide, range of, at La Boca, 65 Tolls on the Panama Canal equal for all nations, 43 Tourists, attractions for, on the Isthmus, 89 Track-shifter, the, 91 Transportation of spoil in Culebra Cut, 91-93 Treaty between U.S. and New Granada, 1846, 28, 38 " " " Great Britain (Clayton-Bulwer) 1850, 29 " " " Great Britain (Hay-Pauncefote) 1901, 19, 37, 40 " " " Republic of Panama, 1903, 39, 40, 42 Tropics, future of white race in, 140-150 U United States, civil war in, interrupts Canal scheme, 30 Unloader, the, for dirt-cars, 91 W Wages on the Isthmus, _see_ Labour Wallace, John F., chief engineer, 1904-1905, 113 Water supply for high-level canal, 74-77 West Indians, relations with American employers, 102-104 " " immunity from yellow fever, 122 " " _see also_ Labour White race, future of, in tropics, 140-150 Women, white, life of, on Isthmus, 142 Y Y.M.C.A. and management of clubs, 144 Z Zone, the Canal, 19 UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND LONDON. [Illustration: MAP OF CANAL ZONE.] End of Project Gutenberg's The Panama Canal and its Makers, by Vaughan Cornish