5. Serow (Nemorhaedus bubalinus), 6000-12,000 ft. From Kashmir eastwards. (_b_) Sheep: 1. Bharal (Ovis nahura), 10,000-12,000 ft. and over. Ladakh, Bashahr. 2. Argali (Ovis Ammon). Ladakh. 3. Urial (Ovis Vignei) Salt Range, Suliman hills. (_c_) Antelopes: 1. Chiru or Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni). Ladakh. (_d_) Oxen--Yak (Bos grunniens). Ladakh. The domesticated _yak_ is invaluable as a beast of burden in the Trans-Himalayan tract. The royal fly whisk or _chauri_ is made from pure white yak tails. [Illustration: Fig. 25. Yaks.] (_e_) Stag: 1. Barasingha (Cervus Duvanceli). Foot of Himalaya in Kashmir. (_f_) Bears: 1. Red or Brown (Ursus Arctos), 10,000-13,000 ft. Kashmir, Chamba, Bashahr, etc. 2. Black (Ursus torquatus), 6000-12,000 ft. Same regions, but at lower elevations. The small bear of the southern Suliman hills known as _mam_ is now considered a variety of the black bear. (_g_) Leopards: 1. Snow Leopard (Felis Uncia), 9000-15,000 ft. Kashmir, Chamba, Bashahr. 2. Ordinary Leopard (Felis Pardus). Lower hills. SHOOTING IN HILLS ~Shooting in Hills.~--The finest shooting in the north-west Himalaya is probably to be got in Ladakh and Baltistan, but the trip is somewhat expensive and requires more time than may be available. In many areas licenses have to be obtained, and the conditions limit the number of certain animals, and the size of heads, that may be shot. For example, the permit in Chamba may allow the shooting of two red bear and two _thar_, and when these have been got the sportsman must turn his attention to black bear and _gural_. Any one contemplating a shooting expedition in the Himalaya should get from one who has the necessary experience very complete instructions as to weapons, tents, clothing, stores, etc. SPORT IN THE PLAINS (_a_) ~Black Buck Shooting.~--To get a good idea of what shooting in the plains is like Major Glasford's _Rifle and Romance in the Indian Jungle_ may be consulted. As regards larger game the favourite sport is black buck shooting. A high velocity cordite rifle is dangerous to the country people, and some rifle firing black powder should be used. It is well to reach the home of the herd soon after sunrise while it is still in the open, and not among the crops. There will usually be one old buck in each herd. He himself is not watchful, but his does are, and the herd gallops off with great leaps at the first scent of danger, the does leading and their lord and master bringing up the rear. If by dint of careful and patient stalking you get to some point of vantage, say 100 yards from the big buck, it is worth while to shoot. Even if the bullet finds its mark the quarry may gallop 50 yards before it drops. Good heads vary from 20" to 24" or even more. [Illustration: Fig. 26. Black buck.]