Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[15] Lumholtz, _op. cit._, 1:284-85. The Wichita use the “mescal bean”
in racing, and the Kiowa as a prophylactic against stepping on menstrual
blood. Peyote is associated with racing in Mexico by the Huichol,
Tamaulipecans, and Tarahumari (Lumholtz, _Unknown Mexico_, 2:49-50;
Prieto, _Historia y Estadistica_, 123-24; Lumholtz, _op. cit._, 1:372;
Bennett and Zingg, _Tarahumara_, 136-37, 295, 338).
[16] A Wichita leader envisioned a flag three months before being drafted
into the army; the fetish-peyote he carried over-seas miraculously
escaped confiscation during an inspection and disinfection of clothing,
and because of it he was only slightly wounded in battle. One meeting
I attended was in performance of a vow if the Bonus legislation then
pending would pass. This same leader prophetically dreamt of how peyote
would protect him on a pilgrimage to Mexico and aid him through the
customs with a supply of plants, and all happened as predicted.
The Tarahumari dare not touch the dekúba (datura) plant lest they go
crazy or die; this presents a problem since the plants are common in
their winter caves. The peyote shaman, however, armed with the more
powerful plant uproots the datura with impunity. Peyote is the only cure
for the otherwise fatal disease which comes from touching dekúba (Bennett
and Zingg, _op. cit._, 138, 294).
[17] Hoebel, _Comanche Field Notes_; Voegelin, _Shawnee Field Notes_. The
Iowa Red Bean medicine bundle was used for war, horse stealing, hunting
and horse racing (Skinner, _Ethnology of the Ioway Indians_, 245-47,
_Societies of the Iowa_, 718-19). A similar mescal war bundle and cult
was present among the neighboring and related Oto. The Red Medicine
bundles of the Pawnee contained mescal beans likewise; indeed the Pawnee
are thought to be the origin of the Iowa bundle and associated war-dance.
The Pawnee “kill” the beans by breaking and stirring them in a large
kettle, drinking the concoction toward morning until they vomit, to
“clean out” the body. There is an unmistakable similarity to the “black
drink” ritual vomiting here (see Appendix 4).
[18] Mulato, sunami, and rosapara cacti, however, protect against Apache
machinations; Mooney (_Tarumari-Guayachic_) cites a Chalája arroyo near
Conaguchi (from chärä or chälä, “squirrel,” the epithet of witches)
where witches were formerly burned; cf. the use of the squirrel-fetish
in the Tarahumari peyote ritual. In Tamaulipas intertribal peace was
so precarious that peyote mitotes were commonly held in remote and
inaccessible intermediate mountain regions; the recital of war deeds was
sometimes part of the rite (Prieto, in Mooney, _Tarumari-Guayachic_).
De la Serna (in Safford, _An Aztec Narcotic_, 310) describes the use
of teo-nanacatl in witching. For Tarahumari witching with hikuli see
Lumholtz, _Unknown Mexico_, 1:314, 323-24, 371-72.
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