Amurath's ring was a mechanical conscience. Professor Huxley's clock is a mechanism in the outward form of a man. These two imaginations convey the useful lessons that neither Conscience nor Mankind are mere machines. A clock goes because it must go its hourly round; a man chooses which way, when, and whither he will go. [12] 1 Corinthians ix. 16. [13] For a useful account of Plato's Dialogue in connection with Plato's philosophy, see "Introduction to the Republic," by Davies and Vaughan, pp. xxi.-xxiv. Cambridge, 1852. CHAPTER II. PHILOSOPHY OF DESIGN. "It is an assured truth, and a conclusion of experience, that a little or superficial knowledge of Philosophy may incline the mind of Man to Atheism, but a farther proceeding therein doth bring the mind back again to Religion: for in the entrance of Philosophy, when the second causes, which are next unto the senses, do offer themselves to the mind of man, if it dwell and stay there it may induce some oblivion of the highest Cause; but when a man passeth on farther, and seeth the dependence of causes and the works of Providence; then, according to the allegory of the poets, he will easily believe that the highest link of Nature's chain must needs be tied to the foot of _Jupiter's_ chair." _Lord Bacon's Advancement of Learning,_ Book I. "Deus sine dominio, providentiâ, et causis finalibus nihil aliud est quam fatum et natura. A cæcâ necessitate metaphysicâ, quæ eadem est et semper et ubique, nulla oritur variatio. Tota rerum conditarum pro locis ac temporibus diversitas, ab ideis et voluntate entis necessario existentis solummodo oriri potuit."--_Sir Isaac Newton, Scholium at close of Principia._ "Tax not my sloth that I Fold my arms beside the brook; Each cloud that floated in the sky Writes a letter in my book. "There was never mystery But 'tis figured in the flowers; Was never secret history But birds tell it in the bowers." _Emerson's Poems.--The Apology._ SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER II. This Chapter enters upon an examination of the kind of reasoning involved in the Argument from Design, and an inquiry into its special force. These investigations are accompanied by illustrative examples of Analogy in different shapes. The most powerful objections against this argument, and the various modes of stating it, are then described and criticised. A re-statement of the whole line of thought is followed by the outline of a proposed method for the constructive science of Natural Theology. The Chapter closes with a corollary on Efficient and Final Causes. _Analysis_--Argument from Design--Its Popular Form, and the Popular Objections raised against it--Art and Nature dissimilar--Organic and Inorganic Worlds, their Unlikeness and their Likenesses--Difference between Similitude and Analogy, whether the latter be Illustrative or Illative, and easiest ways of stating both Analogies.