7b. Leaves green beneath, and either pubescent or smooth --8. 8a. Leaves broadest at or below the middle =Mountain Alder, Alnus crispa.= 8b. Leaves broadest above the middle =Smooth Alder, Alnus rugosa.= 9a. Tree; fruit a cluster of bladder-like sacs each containing a small achene =Ironwood, Ostrya virginiana.= 9b. Shrubs; fruit a nut within a close-fitting involucre --10. 10a. Involucre of 2 broad bracts, almost separate and not much longer than the fruit =Hazel, Corylus americana.= 10b. Involucre of united bracts, prolonged into a bristly beak beyond the fruit =Beaked Hazel, Corylus rostrata.= FAGACEAE, the Beech Family Trees (or 1 species shrubby), with alternate simple leaves and monoecious flowers, the staminate flowers in catkins, and the pistillate solitary or in small clusters. Fruit a nut (or acorn) enclosed in a cup or bur. 1a. Leaves serrate with numerous sharp-pointed teeth --2. 1b. Leaves serrate, lobed, or entire, but never serrate with sharp-pointed teeth; fruit an acorn; pith 5-angled in the young twigs (Oak) --3. 2a. Bark gray, smooth; buds 3-4 times longer than wide; nut triangular =Beech, Fagus grandifolia.= 2b. Bark rough; buds relatively thicker; nut rounded =Chestnut, Castanea dentata.= 3a. Leaves entire, except for a bristle at the tip =Shingle Oak, Quercus imbricaria.= 3b. Leaves toothed or lobed, the points bristle-tipped --4. 3c. Leaves toothed or lobed, the points without bristles --10. 4a. Leaves entire below the middle, with a few shallow lobes beyond =Black Jack Oak, Quercus marilandica.= 4b. Leaves deeply lobed throughout --5. 5a. Cup of the acorn saucer-shape, covering less than one-third of the acorn --6. 5b. Cup of the acorn hemispherical or top-shape, covering one-third or more of the acorn --8. 6a. Length of the lateral leaf-lobes less than one-third the width of the leaf; acorn cup 2-2.5 cm. wide =Red Oak, Quercus rubra.= 6b. Length of the lateral leaf-lobes more than one-third the width of the leaf --7. 7a. Acorn depressed-globose, about 1 cm. in diameter =Pin Oak, Quercus palustris.= 7b. Acorn ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. thick =Schneck's Oak, Quercus schneckii.= 8a. Leaves pubescent beneath =Black Oak, Quercus velutina.= 8b. Leaves glabrous beneath --9. 9a. Buds glabrous; inner bark of the trunk yellow =Hill's Oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis.=