The Pleistocene of North America: and its vertebrated animals from the states east of the Mississippi River and from the Canadian provinces east of longitude 95°Hay, Oliver Perry
Science
The Pleistocene of North America: and its vertebrated animals from the states east of the Mississippi River and from the Canadian provinces east of longitude 95°
Hay, Oliver Perry
Paleontology -- North America; Paleontology -- Pleistocene; Vertebrates, Fossil
Rhoads has found that the incisive foramina of the fossil skulls in his
hands are placed high above the alveolar borders. In the North Carolina
specimen this height is 32 mm.; in the Sable Island specimen in the U.
S. National Museum, 30 mm.; in the Ungava Bay specimen, about 22 mm. Nor
does the distance between the sockets for the incisors in the fossil
from North Carolina agree with that dimension in the two specimens from
Long Branch.
Despite the differences shown in the measurements in the table given
above, the writer must conclude that there are not as yet sufficient
reasons for regarding the Pleistocene walrus of the Atlantic coast as
specifically different from the existing form.
Dr. Albert Reid Ledoux, mining engineer, of New York City, when a young
man bathing at low tide at Long Branch, found a skull of a walrus. This
was given to Professor John S. Newberry and is now probably at either
Columbia University or the American Museum of Natural History. At the
same time and at the same spot was a heel-bone of _Megatherium_, now in
the American Museum (p. 31). It is very improbable that these two
animals lived there at the same time.
According to recent publications of the Geological Survey of New Jersey
(Salisbury, Report for 1897, p. 19, pl. I; Lewis and Kümmel, Bull. No.
14, p. 120, with Geologic Map of New Jersey, 1910–1912), Long Branch is
situated on the Cape May formation. This is regarded by the geologists
just quoted as corresponding in age, in great part at least, to the
Wisconsin stage. When this deposit was laid down, the New Jersey coast
was depressed from 35 to 50 feet below its present level. It seems very
probable that at that time the walrus was living there and that the
skulls found have been washed out of this deposit by the waves during
storms. Nevertheless, the finding of _Megatherium_ at Long Branch shows
that there are deposits present which belong probably to early
Pleistocene.
Dr. H. B. Kümmel, State Geologist of New Jersey, has informed the writer
that a strip 0.25 to 0.75 mile back from the ocean in the region about
Long Branch probably belongs to the Recent time. He states that one
would be safe in concluding that the skulls of the walrus were found in
deposits not older than the Cape May and that they may have occurred in
more recent beds. Against the view that the walruses found along this
coast lived there during the Recent period is their well-fossilized
condition.
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