A mother and three children (one of them at the breast) were inoculated. The children had then the chin-cough; but this was carefully concealed from me, as I had refused all under such circumstances. The youngest, of about five months old, had only five or six pustules in the face, and not more elsewhere proportionably. She lived past the crisis; but the cough remained violent, and she was much enfeebled, and died as children do who perish by the chin-cough, and without any one circumstance of danger that could be supposed to proceed from inoculation. Another weakly child, about five months old, I had persuaded the mother to wean, in order that she herself might be inoculated. During the preparation this woman fell ill of a fever, as supposed; but on visiting her, I found the confluent small-pox appearing, and that the child had lain with her constantly. I was earnestly solicited to inoculate this infant, in order to give it a better chance, which with great reluctance I yielded to; it had a very small number of distinct pustules, and passed through the disease safely; but not being reconciled to any food but the breast, it died soon after, languishing for want of proper sustenance. Another unfortunate subject was also a child at the breast, one of eight children, who with the father and mother were inoculated together. On the third day from the inoculation this child was seized with a fever, which, from the symptoms, I suspected arose from worms. I gave it a grain of calomel; a large worm was voided the next day, and the child was seemingly better; but the fever returned at night, and continued without remission in such a manner as to be very dangerous in itself, and prevented any distinction of the eruptive symptoms: at length a confluent kind appeared, though the number was not great; the bad symptoms were not alleviated by the eruption, and the child died early in the disease. All these cases happened since the introduction and first chapter were written; and have confirmed my opinion, that it is better, both on account of the subject and the reputation of the practice, to defer inoculating children till they are about two years old. It seems not improper likewise to mention the following case; which, if the whole truth is not related, may possibly afford matter of cavil against inoculation. A short, thick-set, middle-aged man was seized with the usual symptoms on the eighth day after inoculation. The eruption was favourable, the crop moderate, the pustules large and distinct, and no peculiar care was either required or observed. The pock maturated in seven days; after which he took two purges, and had fixed the day for his return to London.