whence K_{_h_} = ∂S_{1 _h_}/∂_x₁_ + ∂S_{2 _h_}/∂_x₂_ + ∂S_{3
_h_}/∂_x₃_ + ∂S_{4 _h_}/∂_x₄_, (20)
are components of the space-time vector 1st kind K = lor S, and X is a
factor, which is to be determined from the relation _w__ẇ_ = - 1. By
multiplying (19) by _w__{_h_}, and summing the four, we obtain X = K_ẇ_,
and therefore clearly K + (K_ẇ_)_w_ will be a space-time vector of the
1st kind which is normal to _w_. Let us write out the components of this
vector as
X, Y, Z, ·_i_T
Then we arrive at the following equation for the motion of matter,
(21) ν _d_/_d_τ (_dx_/_d_τ) = X, ν _d_/_d_τ (_dy_/_d_τ) = Y, ν
_d_/_d_τ (_dz_/_d_τ) = Z,
ν _d_/_d_τ (_dx_/_d_τ) = T, and we have also
(_dx_/_d_τ)² + (_dy_/_d_τ)² + (_dz_/_d_τ)² > (_dt_/_d_τ)² = -1,
and X _dx_/_d_τ + Y _dy_/_d_τ + Z _dz_/_d_τ = T _dt_/_d_τ.
On the basis of this condition, the fourth of equations (21) is to be
regarded as a direct consequence of the first three.
From (21), we can deduce the law for the motion of a material point,
_i.e._, the law for the career of an infinitely thin space-time
filament.
Let _x_, _y_, _z_, _t_, denote a point on a principal line chosen in any
manner within the filament. We shall form the equations (21) for the
points of the normal cross section of the filament through _x_, _y_,
_z_, _t_, and integrate them, multiplying by the elementary contents of
the cross section over the whole space of the normal section. If the
integrals of the right side be R_{_x_} R_{_y_} R_{_z_} R_{_t_} and if
_m_ be the constant mass of the filament, we obtain
(22) _m_ _d_/_d_τ _dx_/_d_τ = R_{_x_},
_m_ _d_/_d_τ _dy_/_d_τ = R_{_y_},
_m_ _d_/_d_τ _dz_/_d_τ = R_{_z_},
_m_ _d_/_d_τ _dt_/_d_τ = R_{_t_}
R is now a space-time vector of the 1st kind with the components
(R_{_x_} R_{_y_} R_{_z_} R_{_t_}) which is normal to the space-time
vector of the 1st kind _w_,—the velocity of the material point with the
components
_dx_/_d_τ, _dy_/_d_τ, _dz_/_d_τ, _i_ _dt_/_d_τ.
We may call this vector R _the moving force of the material point_.
If instead of integrating over the normal section, we integrate the
equations over that cross section of the filament which is normal to the
_t_ axis, and passes through (_x_, _y_, _z_, _t_), then [See (4)] the
equations (22) are obtained, but
are now multiplied by _d_τ/_dt_; in particular, the last equation comes
out in the form,
_m_ _d_/_dt_ (_dt_/_d_τ) = _w__{_x_} R_{_x_} _d_τ/_dt_ + _w__{_y_}
R_{_y_} _d_τ/_dt_ + _w__{_z_} R_{_z_} _d_τ/_dt_.
The right side is to be looked upon _as the amount of work done per unit
of time_ at the material point. In this equation, we obtain the
energy-law for the motion of the material point and the expression
_m_ (_dt_/_d_τ - 1) = _m_ [1/√(1 - _w²_) - 1]
= _m_ (½ |_w₁²_ + 3/8 |_w₁⁴_ + )
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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