The principles and practice of modern surgeryPark, Roswell
Science
The principles and practice of modern surgery
Park, Roswell
Surgery
6. =Personal Habits and Environment.=--_Diet_ has much to do with
tissue resistance. Rats fed on bread are more susceptible to anthrax
than those fed on meat. Hunger makes pigeons highly susceptible to
the same disease, and artificial immunity induced in various animals
is quickly destroyed by starvation. Prolonged thirst seems to have
the same result. Excessive fatigue generally reduces immunity, as
already mentioned. The various drugs which destroy red corpuscles
impair immunity, and even by injection of water into the circulation
the bactericidal power of the blood is reduced. White mice fed
with phloridzin, which produces artificial diabetes, become highly
susceptible to glanders, from which they are ordinarily exempt. In this
connection may also be mentioned the various toxemias alluded to under
the previous heading, which may proceed from the intestine, from the
genito-urinary tract, and probably also from other sources. Climate
has more or less to do, as also extremes of weather, with power to
resist infection or to survive serious operations. Dark habitations,
poorly ventilated, constitute surroundings which manifestly predispose
to infection of all kinds. Rabbits inoculated with tuberculosis and
confined within a dark cell, badly ventilated, become rapidly diseased,
while others similarly inoculated, but allowed to roam at large,
present but slight evidences of the affection. Certain occupations
predispose to certain diseases. This is pre-eminently the case, for
example, with workers in mother-of-pearl, who are exceedingly liable to
a particular form of osteomyelitis; and with those who make phosphorus
matches, who are prone to suffer from a peculiar necrosis of the lower
jaw. Prolonged suppuration may produce such changes in the blood and
tissues that vital processes of repair, cell resistance, and chemotaxis
may be so far interfered with as to facilitate subsequent infection.
Finally, the _influence of local injury to tissues_, particularly of
contusions which cause tissues to lose their vitality, is strenuously
insisted upon by all, and is spoken of repeatedly in other places in
this work. Many tissues will succumb to inoculation after bruising,
ligature _en masse_, etc., which before such injury are not in the
least disturbed.
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