The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
"I may venture to express a doubt whether he has succeeded in his
object; but the subject is an abstruse one; and I must content myself
with the remark, that though Berkeley's view appears to be largely
applicable to such general ideas as are formed after language has
been acquired, and to all the more abstract sort of conceptions, yet
that general ideas of sensible objects may nevertheless be produced
in the way indicated, and may exist independently of language. In
dreams, one sees houses, trees, and other objects, which are perfectly
recognizable as such, but which remind one of the actual objects as
seen 'out of the corner of the eye,' or of the pictures thrown by a
badly-focussed magic lantern. A man addresses us who is like a figure
seen in twilight; or we travel through countries where every feature
of the scenery is vague; the outlines of the hills are ill-marked, and
the rivers have no defined banks. They are, in short, generic ideas
of many past impressions of men, hills, and rivers. An anatomist who
occupies himself intently with the examination of several specimens
of some new kind of animal, in course of time acquires so vivid a
conception of its form and structure that the idea may take visible
shape and become a sort of waking dream. But the figure which thus
presents itself is generic, not specific. It is no copy of any one
specimen, but, more or less, a mean of the series; and there seems no
reason to doubt that the minds of children before they learn to speak,
and of deaf-mutes, are peopled with similarly generated generic ideas
of sensible objects."[52]
_Are Vague Images 'Abstract Ideas'?_
The only point which I am tempted to criticise in this account is Prof.
Huxley's _identification of these generic images with 'abstract or
general ideas' in the sense of universal conceptions._ Taine gives the
truer view. He writes:
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