[23] Lewinski-Corwin, p. 137. [24] Krasiński, vol. i, pp. 37-38. [25] Artur Górski, Ku czemu Polska szła, 2nd Ed., Warsaw, 1919, p. 55. [26] August Sokołowski, Dzieje Polski. Wiedeń, 1904, vol. ii, p. 250. [27] Krasiński, vol. i, p. 38. [28] Grabowski, p. 6. [29] “Cantilena vulgaris de Wikleph.” See Piotr Chmielowski, Historja literatury polskiej, vol. i, pp. 77-78. [30] Ibid., vol. i, p. 78. [31] The Bohemians or Czechs fought together with the Poles against the Order of Teutonic Knights, and twice offered the Bohemian crown to the Polish King, Wladislaus Jagiello. The Poles and the Lithuanians had separate colleges of their own at the University of Prague, established by Queen Hedwig, and Polish youth resorted to that University in large numbers. Huss corresponded with King Jagiello, and his close associate, Hieronim of Prague, spent some time in Poland, spreading his master’s ideas. [32] Smoleński, p. 75. [33] Zakrzewski, pp. 19-20. [34] Smoleński, p. 75. [35] This violated fundamental constitutional rights granted the “szlachta” at Czerwińsk in 1422, and therefore could not possibly be enforced. See Appendix, No. 14. The term szlachta denotes in its narrow meaning the gentry, in its large and general meaning the Polish nobility as a whole. [36] Volumina legum, vol. i, p. 38, folio 85. For text see Appendix, No. 1. [37] Krasiński, vol. i, pp. 50-51. [38] The starostas were royal administrators and judicial officials similar to the Frankish counts. [39] Volumina legum, vol. i, fol. 193 ff. See Appendix, No. 2. [40] Ibid., vol. i, fol. 140; Zakrzewski, p. 18. See Appendix, No. 3. [41] Ibid., fol. 141; ibid., pp. 18-19. [42] Raczyński, Codex diplomaticus Majoris Poloniae, p. 172 ff.; Zakrzewski, p. 20. [43] Krasiński, vol. i, pp. 54-55. [44] Górski, p. 117. [45] Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 66-70; Grabowski, p. 6. [46] Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 70-71. [47] Lorkiewicz, p. 97; Górski, p. 56. [48] Lorkiewicz, pp. 32-33. [49] Ibid., pp. 40-41, 43, 68. [50] Ibid., pp. 50-51, 58-59. [51] Ibid., pp. 43, 68. [52] Ibid., pp. 58-60. [53] Ibid., pp. 58-75. [54] Smoleński, p. 94. [55] Lorkiewicz, pp. 119-148. [56] Ibid., pp. 153-155. [57] Ibid., pp. 154-155; Krasiński, vol. i, 81-82. [58] Krasiński, vol. i, pp. 80-81.