The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
The outstanding general results of science as to the nature of energy
are now before us. All observations concerning motion only present to
view transmutations of energy, all of them imply that there is no such
thing as the origin of energy, and no such thing as its extinction.
There is indeed a constant tendency towards the degradation of energy,
and a constant equalizing process which may bring to an end the present
order of things in the universe. But the leading scientific conception
with which we have specially to deal is that expressed in the phrase,
"_Conservation of energy_," which must be regarded as completing our
view of inorganic existence along with the other doctrine of the
indestructibility of matter. As Professor Tait has expressed it,--"The
grand principle of conservation of energy, which asserts that no portion
of energy can be put out of existence, and no amount of energy can be
brought into existence by any process at our command, is simply a
statement of the invariability of the quantity of energy in the
universe,--a companion statement to that of the invariability of the
quantity of matter."[AJ]
The position is now reached at which it becomes possible to combine the
results of scientific research as to matter and energy into a harmonious
unity, with which to test the view of the world recognized by religious
thought. Religion as an intelligent and devotional acknowledgment of a
Supreme Being, involves a very clear and definite conception concerning
the origin of the universe and its continuance. What is thus implied
will be best indicated by negative as well as positive statements, in
some such form as the following. First, _negatively_, the world we
inhabit does not carry _within it_ any explanation of the origin of its
own existence; that is to say, neither the materials existing, nor the
forces operating, are sufficient to account for its origin; neither can
it have had existence without beginning. In _positive_ form, the
universe can be accounted for only by that which _transcends_ itself;
the supernatural is the key to the natural; Nature is a creation to be
attributed to an Intelligent First Cause.
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