The Republic of Ragusa: An Episode of the Turkish ConquestVillari, Luigi
History
The Republic of Ragusa: An Episode of the Turkish Conquest
Villari, Luigi
Dubrovnik (Croatia) -- History
Besides the three Councils, there were a number of special bodies
appointed for different purposes. Thus there was the _Corte Maggiores_
or _Major Curia_, already alluded to, whose sentences in civil matters
were without appeal until 1440; the _Minor Curia_ or Lower Court,
with special advocates attached to each; the _Advocatores Comunis_
or Public Prosecutors, and many other functionaries. The three
_Camarlenghi_ kept the public accounts, and the _Doanerii_ supervised
the customs. The four Treasurers of Santa Maria had important fiscal
duties in guarding the State treasury and paying out the public
money according to the decrees of the Senate. They also had certain
charitable duties, and spent the income of invested surpluses in
providing poor girls with dowries, and later in ransoming Christian
slaves from the Turks or the Barbary pirates. Private citizens, and
even foreigners from Slave lands, often appointed them executors of
their wills. Originally they had been the guardians of the relics and
treasury of the Cathedral, but as they gradually came to have so large
a share of the financial business of the Republic on their hands,
in 1306 another board, called the _Procurators Sanctæ Mariæ_, was
instituted to manage the affairs of the Church, and act with powers
of attorney for various religious confraternities. A similar body was
formed when the church of St. Blaize was erected in 1349. The notary of
the Republic, who drafted all public acts, patents, diplomas, &c., was
usually an expert Italian lawyer.
There were numbers of other officers for different departments of
the administration and for the purposes of defence, such as those
_super sale_, _super blado comunis_, _super turribus_, the _capitani
di custodia_, who were elected every month, and the captains of the
_sestieri_ or six wards, into which Ragusa was divided. All the
citizens in turn had to bear arms for the defence of the town, and
certain nobles, who were changed very frequently, commanded the guard,
and saw that the gates were securely fastened at night. The rest
of the Republic’s territory was ruled by officers appointed by the
Grand Council, called counts, viscounts, or captains. They governed
despotically, and no native of the territory had any voice in the
administration. In many cases the Government was very tyrannical and
arbitrary. Ragusan ideas of liberty were not only restricted to a
limited class, but did not extend a yard beyond the walls. Only the
island of Lagosta, purchased in 1216 from Stephen Uroš, King of Servia,
was permitted to retain its own customs and laws.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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