The Roman Wall: A historical, topographical, and descriptive account of the barrier of the lower isthmus, extending from the Tyne to the Solway, deduced from numerous personal surveysBruce, J. Collingwood (John Collingwood)
History
The Roman Wall: A historical, topographical, and descriptive account of the barrier of the lower isthmus, extending from the Tyne to the Solway, deduced from numerous personal surveys
Bruce, J. Collingwood (John Collingwood)
Great Britain -- Antiquities, Roman; Walls, Roman -- Great Britain
To Jupiter, the greatest and best,
And the Deities
Of Augustus; the first cohort of the
Tungri,
A milliary one,[32] commanded by
Quintus Verius
Superstis,
Prefect.
The correspondence between the Notitia and the sculptures derived from
this station, is again too striking to admit a doubt, that the
Housesteads of the modern shepherd is the BORCOVICUS of the Roman hosts.
[Sidenote: THE FATE OF LETTERED STONES.]
In this way, the ancient designations of the stations from SEGEDUNUM,
Wall’s-end, to AMBOGLANNA, Birdoswald, have been accurately ascertained;
but no stony memorial of the past has arisen to confirm the Notitia
account of the stations westward of this point. The peculiarly fertile
nature of the soil between the river Irthing and the Solway has been
inimical to the preservation of the Wall and its antiquities. The wants
of a numerous population rendered stones of every kind valuable; and in
an ignorant age, when anything in the shape of a letter was regarded as
a thing of evil omen, those most precious to the historian were the
first to be sacrificed.[33] [Sidenote: THE STATIONS WEST OF
AMBOGLANNA.]Since the accuracy of the Notitia has been confirmed in so
many instances, it is but fair to conclude, that it may be safely taken
as a guide in fixing the Roman designations of the remaining stations
along the line. Cambeck Fort is the station next to Birdoswald; the
Notitia places PETRIANA next in order to AMBOGLANNA, which has been
ascertained to be Birdoswald—doubtless, according to this reasoning,
Cambeck Fort is the ancient PETRIANA. In this way, could it be certainly
ascertained which were the stations _per lineam valli_, each station
might have its Roman name restored, though not a syllable of the ancient
designation be retained in the modern cognomen. We should have but to
read over the roll-call, and let each camp in succession answer to its
name. Unhappily, there is some doubt as to which are the stations along
the line of the Wall. Horsley conceives that Watch Cross is the station
next in order to Cambeck Fort, and, accordingly, calls it ABALLABA;
Stanwix, Burgh, Drumburgh, and Bowness, he successively denominates,
after the Notitia, CONGAVATA, AXELODUNUM, GABROSENTIS, and TUNNOCELUM.
Subsequent inquirers, and, in particular, the Rev. John Hodgson, have
seen reason to suspect that Watch Cross was not a station _per lineam
valli_. It probably was destitute of stone walls, and was surrounded
only by a rampart of earth.[34] It seems to have been a mere _castra
æstiva_—a summer encampment, and consequently, was not entitled to rank
with those strongholds that were intended to withstand all foes at all
seasons. Should Watch Cross be laid aside, the whole of Horsley’s
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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