The Seminole Indians of Florida: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 469-532MacCauley, Clay
History
The Seminole Indians of Florida: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 469-532
MacCauley, Clay
Seminole Indians -- History; Seminole Indians -- Social life and customs
The standard of value among the Florida Indians is now taken from the
currency of the United States. The unit they seem to have adopted, at
least at the Big Cypress Swamp settlement, is twenty-five cents, which
they call “Kan-cat-ka-hum-kin” (literally, “one mark on the ground”). At
Miami a trader keeps his accounts with the Indians in single marks or
pencil strokes. For example, an Indian brings to him buck skins, for
which the trader allows twelve “chalks.” The Indian, not wishing then to
purchase anything, receives a piece of paper marked in this way:
“IIII--IIII--IIII.
J. W. E. owes Little Tiger $3.”
At his next visit the Indian may buy five “marks” worth of goods. The
trader then takes the paper and returns it to Little Tiger changed as
follows:
“IIII--III.
J. W. E. owes Little Tiger
$1.75.”
Thus the account is kept until all the “marks” are crossed off, when
the trader takes the paper into his own possession. The value of the
purchases made at Miami by the Indians, I was informed, is annually
about $2,000. This is, however, an amount larger than would be the
average for the rest of the tribe, for the Miami Indians do a
considerable business in the barter and sale of ornamental plumage.
What the primitive standard of value among the Seminole was is suggested
to me by their word for money, “Tcat-to Ko-na-wa.” “Ko-na-wa” means
beads, and “Tcat-to,” while it is the name for iron and metal, is also
the name for stone. “Tcat-to” probably originally meant stone. Tcat-to
Ko-na-wa (i.e., stone beads) was, then, the primitive money. With
“Hat-ki,” or white, added, the word means silver; with “La-ni,” or
yellow, added, it means gold. For greenbacks they use the words
“Nak-ho-tsi Tcat-to Ko-na-wa,” which is, literally, “paper stone beads.”
Their methods of measuring are now, probably, those of the white man. I
questioned my respondent closely, but could gain no light upon the terms
he used as equivalents for our measurements.
Divisions Of Time.
I also gained but little knowledge of their divisions of time. They have
the year, the name for which is the same as that used for summer, and in
their year are twelve months, designated, respectively:
1. Çla-fŭts-u-tsi, Little Winter.
2. Ho-ta-li-ha-si, Wind Moon.
3. Ho-ta-li-ha-si-çlak-o, Big Wind Moon.
4. Ki-ha-su-tsi, Little Mulberry Moon.
5. Ki-ha-si-çlat-o, Big Mulberry Moon.
6. Ka-too-ha-si.
7. Hai-yu-tsi.
8. Hai-yu-tsi-çlak-o.
9. O-ta-wŭs-ku-tsi.
10. O-ta-wŭs-ka-çlak-o.
11. I-ho-li.
12. Çla-fo-çlak-o, Big Winter.
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