regions then great individual differences appear. _Individual Differences Due to Pathological Changes_ More extreme variations in taste are frequent as an accompaniment of disease or congenital malformation of the cerebrum. These variations may be in the nature of absence of sensitiveness, dull (hypo) sensitivity, or very high (hyper) sensitivity. Only one case, so far as we have found, has been reported of congenital taste blindness, either for all taste sensations or for one or two of them, such as would correspond to hereditary color blindness of the various sorts. The apparent absence of taste in certain idiots is not a form of taste blindness to be compared with color blindness. Such persons will eat sulphate of quinine with as much enjoyment as sweet food, but so will they try to eat wood or stones or paper. Nor are the cases, which are more or less common, of dulled taste sensitiveness as a result of cerebral malformation to be compared with real color blindness, which, as far as is known, at least, depends upon no such cerebral abnormality. There are cases of acquired taste blindness, either general or for special qualities, which resemble in general character acquired color blindness. In both senses the blindness results from pathological changes in the sensory mechanism, either in the sense organ, its centers within the brain, or its connecting nerve trunks. The nature of the sensory defect depends upon the extent of the pathological change and its location. Thus, there may be general taste blindness if both of the cerebral centers are involved, a defect on only one side of the tongue if one cerebral hemisphere is involved. And if the disturbance is in the nerve trunks, only the anterior two-thirds of the tongue may be affected, or only its posterior third. Again, if the lesion is in the sense organ itself, one or more specific taste qualities only may be lost, or all qualities for a very small portion of the tongue. These latter cases are of much importance in developing an adequate theory of taste function. Nagel describes a case in which all sorts of taste stimuli produced only a sensation of salt on one side of the tongue, while on the other side taste was normal. This peculiar condition was followed by a total loss of sensitivity on the affected side. Epileptics are said to show taste abnormalities of varying character after an attack, and lasting for hours in some cases. There is usually a loss or dulling of the sense, most prominent for salt and least noticeable for bitter. Such conditions are not peculiar to the taste sense, for there is usually a disturbance of the other special senses also after an epileptic attack.