* * * * * COMMENTARY. Athenæus mentions that it was a practice with some to put sponges into beds, as incentives to venery. He states, upon the authority of Theophrastus, that certain medicines are possessed of aphrodisiacal properties, to an almost incredible degree. (Deipnos, i, 15.) He says the immoderate use of wine often induces impotence; and relates that it had this effect upon Alexander the Great. (Deipnos, x, 45.) Hippocrates mentions that many of the Scythians were affected with impotence, by being constantly on horseback. (De Aer, &c. vi, 22.) See Coray’s Note, and Littré’s Hippocrates, (t. iv, p. 9.) It would appear that many of the ancient athletæ, rendered themselves impotent by self-denial and immoderate exercise. (Galen. de Loc. affect, vi, versus finem.) The ancients held, that most of the testacea are aphrodisiacal. See Plautus (Casina, ac. ii, sc. 8, l. 59,) and the note of Lambinus (Ed. Gronov.); also Petronius Arbiter (Satyricon.) The rocket (_eruca_) was particularly celebrated as an aphrodisiacal herb. See Pliny (H. N. xix, 8), and Juvenal (Sat. ix, 134.); Columella (in Hort.); Galen (de Fac. Alim. lib. ii.) Ovid calls it _herba salax_. (Remed. Amor. 799.) On this subject, see Rhases (ad Mansor. v, 62, Contin. xxiv); Avicenna (iii, 20, 1); Alsaharavius (Pract. xxii, 11.) Rhases gives a long list of articles which were supposed to be possessed of aphrodisiacal properties, such as nettle-seed, elecampane, rape-seed, mint, rocket, cresses, cubebs, &c. Avicenna’s account, however, is the fullest. He directs the parts to be rubbed with liniments, containing stavesacre, pellitory, squills, myrrh, assafœtida, and the like. SECT. XXXVII.—ON INORDINATE VENERY. Since by too much indulgence the body becomes flabby, cold, dried, and weak, it must be supplied with such things as will brace, warm, humectate, and strengthen it. To those who indulge themselves immoderately, warm clothing is suitable, also rest and sufficient sleep until the body remits from its tension, and they recover from their atony. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This Section is partly taken from Oribasius. (Synops. v, 35.) A similar account is given by Rhases. (Ad Mansor. v, 67.) Inordinate venery, he says, occasions premature old age, dries the body, and brings on frigidity. (Contin. c. xxiv.) See, in like manner, Avicenna (iii, 20, l, 36.) To restore the body when debilitated by excessive enjoyment, he recommends a calefacient and diluent regimen, nutritious food, baths, aromatics, and everything that can exhilarate. SECT. XXXVIII.—ON REDUNDANCE OF SEMEN.