Anemones were greatly valued in Elizabethan gardens. Indeed it was
a fad to grow them. Parkinson distinguishes the family of anemones
as "the wild and the tame, or manured, both of them nourished up in
gardens." He classifies them still further as "those that have broader
leaves and those that have thinner, or more jagged, leaves"; and then
again into those "that bear single flowers and those that bear double
flowers." The wild kinds included "all the Pulsatillas, or Pasque
(Easter) flowers." Parkinson mentions many varieties. He describes
the "tame" anemones as white, yellow, purple, crimson, scarlet,
blush gredeline (between peach color and violet), orange-tawny,
apple-blossom, rose-color, and many others. From his list we can
have no doubt that Shakespeare's flower was one of the purple star
anemones--the _Anemone purpurea striata stellata_, "whose flowers have
many white lines and stripes through the leaves." Parkinson's name is
"the purple-striped Anemone."
Of recent years anemones have again become the fashion.
"How gorgeous are these flowers to behold," exclaims Ryder Haggard,
"with their hues of vivid scarlet and purple! To be really appreciated,
however, they should, I think, be seen in their native home, the East.
In the neighborhood of Mount Tabor in Palestine, I have met with them
in such millions that for miles the whole plain is stained red, blue
and white, growing so thickly indeed that to walk across it without
setting foot on a flower at every step would be difficult. I believe,
and I think that this view is very generally accepted, that these are
the same lilies of the field that 'toil not neither do they spin,'
which Our Lord used to illustrate His immortal lesson. Truly Solomon in
all his glory was not arrayed like one of these."
The Adonis flower (_Flos Adonis_) spoken of by Ben Jonson and others
has nothing to do with the anemone. It is a kind of camomile. "Some
have taken the red kind to be a kind of Anemone," says Parkinson. "The
most usual name now with us is _Flos Adonis_. In English it is also
called the Mayweed and Rosarubie and Adonis Flower."
HAREBELL (_Scilla nutans_).[45] The "azured harebell," which
Shakespeare uses in "Cymbeline" for comparison with the delicate veins
of _Fidele_ (_Imogen_), has been identified as the English jacinth,
blue harebell, or hare's-bell. Browne's "Pastorals" show that this
flower was only worn by faithful lovers; and, therefore, the flower is
most appropriately selected for association with _Imogen_. Browne says:
The Harebell, for her stainless, azured hue
Claims to be worn of none but who are true.
[45] See p. 207.
This flower is also called the "wild hyacinth." Blossoming in May and
June, it is one of the precious ornaments of English woods. "Dust of
sapphire," its jewel-like flowers have been called.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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