The “Elephant-Bed” and Kent’s Cavern small “forest” horses are best represented to-day by the long, low, broad-browed Iceland ponies, while the 13-hands small fine-boned race of Kent’s Cavern is best represented by Exmoor and other ponies of the “Celtic” type—_i.e._, by ponies with short-pillared molars, and only two of the eight callosities (chestnuts and ergots) invariably found on typical “forest” horses. Whether modern Shetland ponies are mainly descended from prehistoric British races or from a Norse race of the fjord type it is impossible to say. The Magdalenians, who occupied Kent’s Cavern while hunting the reindeer in the south of England towards the close of the Old Stone Age, had no domestic animals. Neither had their successors, the Azilians, who some 8000 years ago frequented the MacArthur and other caves near Oban. The Mediterranean race (now best represented by the Basques), which followed in the wake of the Azilians, perhaps brought sheep or cattle into Britain, but there is no evidence that they possessed horses. Professor Ridgeway believes “the use of the horse by man in the British Islands cannot be placed before the end of the Bronze or the beginning of the Iron Age.”[F17] [F17] ‘Origin and Influence of the Thoroughbred Horse,’ p. 92. Through the courtesy of Sir William Turner I recently had the opportunity of examining some horse, sheep, and dog bones found near Grangemouth 30 feet below the surface, at the point where the Carron joins the Forth. Two imperfect horse skulls belonged to ponies of the “forest” type, which probably measured 12 hands at the withers, a broken sheep skull belonged to a member of the peat or turbary race, and a dog skull differed but little from that of a modern greyhound. Taking into consideration the position and nature of the deposit, one may provisionally assume that the bones belong to animals which lived in the Forth valley about the end of the Neolithic Age,—the dog and sheep undoubtedly lived under domestication, but whether the horses were tame or wild is uncertain.