Fig. 8.—Skull of a four-year-old Prjevalsky horse from Mongolia. In the foal the cranium is relatively large and the face decidedly dished; in the Sheltie the face is longer than in the foal, but less bent downwards on the cranium and less dished; in the Prjevalsky stallion the cranium is less globular, while the face is very long and, owing to the bulging outwards of the nasals, “Roman-nosed.” Though in some Shetland ponies the face is long, the wild horse now found in Mongolia seems to have contributed little to the making of the modern Sheltie. DIMENSIONS OF SKULLS. Total Facial Frontal Frontal length. length. width. index. mm. mm. mm. Prjevalsky, 518 371 187 50 Eric, 383 252 170 67 Foal at birth, 255 166 100 60 Iceland pony, “forest” type, 506 336 228 61 Pony, “Celtic” type, 494 338 185 54] [Illustration: PLATE III. Fig. 6.—Skull of Eric, a 36·5-inch Shetland Pony. Fig. 7.—Skull of a new-born foal, Celtic type. Fig. 8.—Skull of a wild Prjevalsky horse, from Mongolia.] [Illustration: PLATE IV. Fig. 9_a_. Middle metacarpal (front cannon-bone) of Eric, a 36·5-inch Shetland pony; length, 143 mm. (5·6 inches), width at middle of shaft, 26 mm. In Eric the reduction or dwarfing of the front cannon-bones is estimated at 1 inch. Half nat. size. Fig. 9_b_. Middle metacarpal of the Miocene 3-toed (36-inch?) horse _Protohippus sejunctus_; length, 177 mm. (6·9 inches), width, 21 mm.—_i.e._, 1·3 inches longer than in Eric. Half nat. size. Fig. 9_c_. Middle metacarpal of _Hypohippus_, the (40-inch?) Miocene 3-toed “forest” horse of Montana and South Dakota; length, 215 mm. (8·4 inches), width, 22 mm.—_i.e._, 2·8 inches longer than in Eric. Half nat. size. Fig. 10. Bones of fore and hind foot (half nat. size) of _Eohippus_ (fig. 12). After Marsh. Fig. 11. Bones of fore and hind foot (half nat. size) of _Orohippus_ (fig. 13). After Marsh. Fig. 11_a_. Bones of the three front toes (II., III., and IV.) of _Neohipparion_, the 10-hands American Miocene desert horse with deer-like limbs. In this ancient race-horse the II. and IV. toes are very much shorter than in _Hypohippus_ (fig. 20), a late Miocene “forest” horse. Fig. 11_b_. Engraving of a small-headed horse made during the Early Stone Age in the Combarelles Cave, France. The short face, small ear, and flowing mane suggest a race to which Shelties may be related. One-fourth nat. size.] [Illustration: PLATE IV. Cannon-bones, half nat. size. Fig. 9_a_. Eric. Fig. 9_b_. _Protohippus._ Fig. 9_c_. _Hypohippus._ Fig. 10.—Fore and hind foot, _Eohippus_, ½ nat. size. Fig. 11.—Fore and hind foot, _Orohippus_, ½ nat. size. Fig. 11_a_. Forefoot, _Neohipparion_, ¼ nat. size. Fig. 11_b_.—Engraving of a small-headed horse.]