Fig. 24.—Premolar and molars of a small horse from the Roman Fort, Newstead. The pillars are long, as in _E. robustus_ of Solutrè and other small Pleistocene horses of Europe; as in the 11-hands _E. tau_ of the Mexican Pleistocene; and as in Shetland ponies of the “forest” or Londonderry type.] [Illustration: PLATE VI. Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. Fig. 24. Fig. 18. _Mesohippus._ Fig. 19. _Merychippus._ Fig. 20. _Hypohippus._] NOTES. 1 Quoted in R. Holinshed, ‘The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland,’ 1577. Description of Scotland, pp. 21, 22; confirmed by R. Colt Hoare, ‘History of Ancient Wiltshire,’ Roman Era, 1812, vol. ii. p. 11. 2 Quoted by C. Hamilton Smith, ‘The Naturalist’s Library,’ 1873, vol. xii. p. 120. But the author does not indicate to which St Austin he refers, nor does he give any clue to the quotation, which we have been unable to verify. 3 ‘A Compendious History of the Goths, Swedes, and Vandals and other Northern Nations,’ written by Olaus Magnus, Archbishop of Upsala and Metropolitan of Sweden, Eng. trans., 1658, Book II., p. 28. 4 Olaus Magnus, _loc. cit._, Book XXIII., p. 174. 5 Gervase Markham, ‘Cavalarice or the English Horseman,’ 1607, Book I., p. 16. 6 G. Vigfüsson and F. York Powell, ‘Corpus Poeticum Boreale,’ 1883. W. Wagner, ‘Asgard and the Gods,’ trans. M. W. Macdowall, 2nd ed., 1882. 7 R. Tudor, ‘The Orkneys and Shetlands,’ 1883, pp. 46, 47. 8 ‘Orkneyinga Saga,’ trans. J. A. Hjaltalin and G. Goudie, 1873, p. 150. 9 Paz Salas, ‘La Felicisima Armada,’ Lisbon, 1588. 10 ‘Certeine Advertisements out of Ireland,’ 1588. Collected tracts on the Armada, British Museum. 11 W. Sheardown, ‘Doncaster Races, Historical Notices,’ &c., 1861, vol. ii. p. 3. 12 J. Cossar Ewart, “The Multiple Origin of Horses and Ponies;” ‘Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society,’ 1904. 13 W. Ridgeway, ‘The Origin and Influence of the Thoroughbred Horse,’ 1905. 14 Ubaldini, ‘Descrittioni del Regno di Scotia,’ 1568, Eng. trans., 1829, p. 63; Edinburgh Bannatyne Club. 15 “Descriptio Insularum Orchadiarum per me Jo Ben, ibidem coletem in Anno 1529.” Macfarlane’s ‘Geographical Collection,’ 1908, vol. iii. p. 304; Scottish History Society. 16 “Oppressions of the 16th Century in the Islands of Orkney and Shetland, from original Documents;” Maitland Club Miscellany, 1859, p. 68. 17 Matthew Mackaile, “Short relation of the most considerable things in Orkney,” 1614; G. Barry, ‘History of Orkney,’ 1808, vol. xi. p. 456. 18 “Acts and Statutes of the Lawting Sheriff and Justice Courts of Orkney and Zetland,” 1617; Maitland Club Miscellany, 1840, p. 69. 19 _Ibid._, p. 69. 20 “A Description of the Islands of Shetland, &c., by Captain John Smith, who was imployed there by the Earle of Pembrock in the year 1633, and stayed a whole Twelve Month there;” Scottish History Society, 1908, p. 65.