After trade is developed, it is, as a rule, strongly influenced by the “political means,” “trade generally follows robbery.”[60] But its first beginnings are chiefly the result of the economic means, the outcome of pacific, not warlike, intercourse. The international relations of primitive huntsmen with one another must not be confused with those existing either between the huntsmen or herdsmen and their peasants, or amongst the herdsmen themselves. There are, undoubtedly, blood-feuds, or feuds because of looted women, or possibly because of violation of the districts set aside for hunting grounds; but these lack that strong incentive, which is the consequence of avarice alone, of the desire to despoil other men of the products of their labor. Therefore, the “wars” of primitive huntsmen are scarcely real wars, but rather scuffles and single combats, carried on frequently--as are the German student duels--according to an established ceremonial, and prolonged only up to the point of incapacity to fight, as one might say, “until claret has been drawn.”[61] These tribes, numerically very weak, wisely limit bloodshed to the indispensable amount--e. g., in case of a blood vendetta feud--and thus avoid starting new vendetta blood feuds. For this reason, pacific relations with their neighbors on an equal economic scale are much stronger, and also freer from the incentive to use political means, both among huntsmen and among primitive peasants, than among herdsmen. There are numerous examples where the former meet peaceably to exploit natural resources in common. “While yet in primitive stages of civilization, great masses of people gather together, from time to time, at places where useful objects may be found. The Indians of a large part of America made regular pilgrimages to the flint grounds; others assembled annually at harvest time at the Zizania swamps of the lakes of the Northwest. The Australians, living scattered in the Barku district, assemble from all directions for the harvest festivals at the swamp beds of the corn bearing Marsiliacae. When the bonga-bonga trees in Queensland produce a superabundant crop, and a greater store is on hand than the tribe can consume, foreign tribes are permitted to share therein.”[63] “Various tribes agree on the common ownership of definite strips of territory, and likewise of the quarries of phonolite for hatchets.”[64] Numerous Australian tribes have common consultations and sessions of the elders for judgment. In these, the remainder of the population form the bystanders, a custom similar to the Germanic “_Umstand_” in the primitive folkmoot.[65] It is but natural that such meetings should bring about barter. Perhaps this explains the origin of those “weekly fairs held by the Negroes of Central Africa in the midst of the primæval forest _under special arrangements for the peace_,”[66] and likewise the great fairs, said to be very ancient, of the fur hunters of the extreme north of the Tschuktsche.