Lindolf (made Duke of part of Savoy by Louis the German). | Duke Otto, 912. | Henry I., 936 (the "Fowler"). | +-------------------------------------------+ | | Otto I., 973. (the "Great"). Henry of Bavaria. | | +----------------------------+ Henry the Quarrelsome (of Bavaria), 995. | | | | Lindolf, Lintgarde. Otto II., | Duke of Swabia. Emperor, 983. Henry II., Emperor, 1024. | Otto II., Emperor, 1002. * * * * * III. Salic (Frankish) Emperors. Conrad II., 1038 (great grandson of Lintgarde). | Henry III., 1038-1056. | Henry IV., 1056-1106. | Henry V., 1106-1125. (The Hohenstaufen follow.) FOOTNOTES: [19] It is perhaps preferable to use the word _Swabia_ instead of _Alamannia_ so often. Freeman in his essay on the Holy Empire speaks of the Swabian Emperors, the Hohenstaufen. [20] Dierauer. VII. BURGUNDY AND SWABIA UNDER THE GERMAN EMPERORS. To return to the kingdom of Burgundy. Rudolf had greatly extended his dominions; in 919 he added to them the land between the Aare and the Reuss, and in 933 Lower Burgundy, which he had obtained in exchange for the Italian crown. The kingdom now comprised West Switzerland, Provence, Dauphiné, and Franche Comté. During the king's absence on military expeditions, and during the minority of Conrad, Bertha, the "Spinning Queen," held the reins of government. She is represented on the seal of the document founding the convent of Payerne--one of her authenticated foundations--with the spinning wheel, and the words _Bertha humilis regina_ below. This Alpine queen, called by the French Swiss the "Mother of their liberties," was a model of industry and economy. Like Charlemagne, she was an excellent housekeeper, and even knew how many eggs had been laid on her estates. Humble in bearing, yet firm and strong, this lady fortified the country against the invasions of the Hungarians and Saracens. The gap between the Alps and Mount Jura was strengthened by a line of towers still to be seen, though crumbling from age, at Neuchâtel, La Molière, Moudon, Gourze. These towers were almost inaccessible, and possessed thick walls, narrow windows, and doors which, being ten feet above the ground, could only be got at by means of ladders. At the first signal of alarm, seigneur and peasantry hurried to these strongholds carrying with them whatever they were able; when they had entered, the ladders were drawn in, and there the people remained