The Story of the Atlantic TelegraphField, Henry M. (Henry Martyn)
History
The Story of the Atlantic Telegraph
Field, Henry M. (Henry Martyn)
Transatlantic cables
It was in prosecuting inquiries to resolve this problem, that Mr. Field
became acquainted with two gentlemen who were to be soon after
associated with him in the organization of the Atlantic Telegraph
Company. These were Mr. Charles T. Bright, afterward knighted for his
part in laying the Atlantic cable in 1858, and Dr. Edward O. Whitehouse,
both well known in England, the former as an engineer, and the latter
for his experiments in electro-magnetism, as applied to the business of
telegraphing. He had invented an instrument by which to ascertain and
register the velocity of electric currents through submarine cables.
Both these gentlemen were full of the ardor of science, and entered on
this new project with the zeal which the prospect of so great a triumph
might inspire. With them was now to be associated our distinguished
countryman, Professor Morse. Fortunately he was at this time in London,
and gave his invaluable aid to the experiments which were made to
determine the possibility of telegraphic communication at great
distances under the sea. The result of his experiments he communicates
in a letter to Mr. Field:
"London, Five o'clock A.M.,
"October 3, 1856.
"My dear Sir: As the electrician of the New York, Newfoundland,
and London Telegraph Company, it is with the highest
gratification that I have to apprise you of the result of our
experiments of this morning upon a single continuous conductor
of more than two thousand miles in extent, a distance you will
perceive sufficient to cross the Atlantic Ocean, from
Newfoundland to Ireland.
"The admirable arrangements made at the Magnetic Telegraph
Office in Old Broad street, for connecting ten subterranean
gutta-percha insulated conductors, of over two hundred miles
each, so as to give one continuous length of more than two
thousand miles during the hours of the night, when the
telegraph is not commercially employed, furnished us the means
of conclusively settling, by actual experiment, the question of
the practicability as well as the practicality[A] of
telegraphing through our proposed Atlantic cable.
"This result had been thrown into some doubt by the discovery,
more than two years since, of certain phenomena upon
subterranean and submarine conductors, and had attracted the
attention of electricians, particularly of that most eminent
philosopher, Professor Faraday, and that clear-sighted
investigator of electrical phenomena, Dr. Whitehouse; and one
of these phenomena, to wit, the perceptible retardation of the
electric current, threatened to perplex our operations, and
required careful investigation before we could pronounce with
certainty the commercial practicability of the Ocean Telegraph.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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