These officers were to set down the area of each estate, great or small, the area of that part of it which was ploughed land, the area of that part which was grass land, the name of its holder, the name of its holder in the last year of the reign of King Edward the Confessor, the amount of stock and of farming-implements on it, the number and condition of the people living on it, its annual value in the time of King Edward, and its annual value at the time of the investigation—the last two items being the most important of all. In this manner was constructed what is known as THE DOMESDAY BOOK—the book by which a judgment could be made as to the amount of the money payments due to the King from each of his tenants-in-chief. The work was planned at the Witena-gemōt held at Christmas 1085, and was carried out during the following year. * * * * * The Domesday Book is one of the most valuable historical records possessed by the nation, and much information as to the England of 1086 has been gleaned from its parchment leaves. The entries in it are of course in Latin, and the following translation of the portion dealing with the manor of Patrington will serve as an example of the facts recorded in it. LANDS IN HOLDERNESS. LAND OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. In _Patrictone_ with the four berewicks _Wistede_, _Halsam_, _Torp_, _Toruelestorp_, there are thirty-five carucates and a half, and two oxgangs and two parts of an oxgang to be taxed. There is land to thirty-five ploughs. This manor was, and is, belonging to the Archbishop of York. There are now in the demesne two ploughs and eight villeins and sixty-three bordars, having thirteen ploughs. There are six sokemen with two villeins and twenty bordars, having five ploughs and a half. There are thirty-two acres of meadow there. Two knights have six carucates of the land of this manor; and two clerks two carucates and three oxgangs, and the third part of an oxgang. They have there four sokemen and five villeins, and three bordars with five ploughs. In the time of King Edward the value was thirty pounds, at present ten pounds and five shillings. Arable land three miles long and one mile and a half broad. All this reads very strangely to us living in the twentieth century. Put into present-day language it would read something like the following:— The manor of Patrington, with the neighbouring hamlets of Winestead, Halsham, [Welwick] Thorp, and Tharlesthorp,[22] measures 4300 acres,[23] and its thorough cultivation would provide work for thirty-five teams of oxen, reckoning eight oxen to each team. Footnote 22: Tharlesthorp is one of the ‘lost towns of the Humber.’ Its probable site is marked on the map on the opposite page. Footnote 23: