The Story of the HeavensBall, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
History
The Story of the Heavens
Ball, Robert S. (Robert Stawell)
Astronomy
In the spectrum of the corona there is a mysterious line in the green,
as to the origin of which nothing is at present certainly known. It is
best seen during eclipses occurring near the time of sun-spot maximum.
It is presented in the ordinary solar spectrum as a very thin, dark
line, which generally remains undisturbed even when lines of hydrogen
and other substances are twisted and distorted by the violent rush of
disturbed elements. The line is always present among the bright lines of
the chromosphere spectrum. In addition to it the corona shows a few
other bright lines, belonging, no doubt, to the same unknown element
("coronium"), and also a faint continuous spectrum, in which even a few
of the more prominent dark lines of the solar spectrum have been
sometimes detected. This shows that in addition to glowing gas
(represented by the bright lines) the corona also contains a great deal
of matter like dust, or fog, the minute particles of which are capable
of reflecting the sunlight and thereby producing a feeble continuous
spectrum. This matter seems to form the principal constituent of the
long coronal rays and streamers, as the latter are not visible in the
detached images of the corona which appear instead of the bright lines
when the corona is viewed, or photographed, during an eclipse, in a
spectroscope without a slit. If the long rays were composed of the gas
or gases which constitute the inner corona, it is evident that they
ought to appear in these detached images. As to the nature of the forces
which are continually engaged in shooting out these enormously long
streamers, we have at present but little information. It is, however,
certain that the extensive atmospheric envelope round the sun, which
shows itself as the inner corona, must be extremely attenuated. Comets
have on several occasions been known to rush through this coronal
atmosphere without evincing the slightest appreciable diminution in
their speed from the resistance to which they were exposed.
We have accumulated by observation a great number of facts concerning
the sun, but when we try to draw from these facts conclusions as to the
physical constitution of that great body, it cannot be denied that the
difficulties seem to be very great indeed. We find that the best
authorities differ considerably in the opinions they entertain as to its
nature. We shall here set forth the principal conclusions as to which
there is little or no controversy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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